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COMP EXAM - LIU Physical Therapy Annual Exam > Pulmonary: anatomy and physiology > Flashcards

Pulmonary: anatomy and physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Pulmonary: anatomy & physiology

Principal muscles of inspiration:

A
  • DIAPHRAGM: primary muscle of inspiration.
  • INTERCOSTALS: ext & int
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2
Q

Pulmonary: anatomy & physiology

Innervation of the diaphragm:

A

Phrenic nerve C3 to C5

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3
Q

Pulmonary: anatomy & physiology

Innervation of the intercostals muscles:

A

T1 to T12

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4
Q

Pulmonary: anatomy & physiology

Innervation of the abdominal muscles:

A
  • T6 - L1
  • T4 injury? Can get a breath in, but what if they need to cough?
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5
Q

Pulmonary: anatomy & physiology

Function of type I alveolar cells:

A

main site for gas exchange

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6
Q

Pulmonary: anatomy & physiology

Function of type II alveolar cells:

A

Secrete surfactant

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7
Q

Pulmonary: anatomy & physiology

In which lung is the horizontal fissure?

A

R lung only, separates R upper and R middle lobes

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8
Q

Pulmonary: anatomy & physiology

Right and left lung lobes:

A
  • Right lung: 3 lobes, oblique and horizontal fissures.
  • Left lung: 2 lobes, lingula, oblique fissures.
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9
Q

Pulmonary: anatomy & physiology

Thoracentesis:

A

is a procedure to remove fluid from the space between the lungs and the chest wall

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10
Q

Pulmonary: anatomy & physiology

What is diffusion:

A

passage of O2 and CO2 across the capillary alveoli membrane

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11
Q

Pulmonary: anatomy & physiology

Perfusion

A

transport dissolved and bound gases to/from lungs and cells in blood

(=how much of the blood perfused in the lungs is getting into our system)

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12
Q

Pulmonary: anatomy & physiology

An area of low V/Q will have…

A

lower oxygen saturation after passing the alveoli

(High perfusion of blood but low ventilation)

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13
Q

Pulmonary: anatomy & physiology

An area of high V/Q will have…

A

low blood perfusion but high ventilation =

highly oxygen saturated blood

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15
Q

Pulmonary: anatomy & physiology

What is the Hering-Breuer Reflex?

A

The Hering–Breuer inflation reflex, named for Josef Breuer and Ewald Hering, is a reflex triggered to prevent over-inflation of the lung. Pulmonary stretch receptors present in the smooth muscle of the airways (bronchi and bronchioles) respond to excessive stretching of the lung during large inspirations

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16
Q

Pulmonary: anatomy & physiology

Tidal volume (VT):

A

normally inhaled and exhaled air during quiet breathing, 4-7l.

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17
Q

Pulmonary: anatomy & physiology

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV):

A

additional volume of air that can be taken beyond VT, 2+L

18
Q

Pulmonary: anatomy & physiology

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV):

A

additional volume of air that can be let out beyond VT, 0.5-1 L

19
Q

Pulmonary: anatomy & physiology

Residual Volume (RV):

A

air that remains in the lungs after a forceful exhalation, 1-2 L.

20
Q

Pulmonary: anatomy & physiology

Minute Ventilation:

A

VE = VT x RR.

amount of air moved in and out in 1 min.

21
Q

Pulmonary: anatomy & physiology

Average lung can hold around

A

5 liters of air

22
Q

Pulmonary: anatomy & physiology

Inspiratory Capacity (IC):

A

sum of VT and IRV.

23
Q

Pulmonary: anatomy & physiology

Functional Residual Capacity (FRC):

A

sum of ERV and RV. “Relaxation Volume.”

24
Q

Pulmonary: anatomy & physiology

Vital Capacity (VC):

A

IRV + TV + ERV, max amount of air that can be expelled following max inhalation.

25
Q

Pulmonary: anatomy & physiology

Total Lung Capacity (TLC):

A

max volume to which lungs can be expanded = sum of all volumes.

27
Q

Pulmonary: anatomy & physiology

What will cause a shift to the right in the Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve?

A
  • Exercise
  • Temperature
  • PH decrease
28
Q

Pulmonary: anatomy & physiology

What will cause a shift to the left in the Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve?

A
31
Q

Pulmonary: anatomy & physiology

Inspiratory Vital Capacity (IVC):

A

max amount of air inhaled from point of max exhalation.

32
Q

Pulmonary: anatomy & physiology

Do we use ALL the air we breathe in?

A

no:

  • Anatomic Dead Space: air in the upper airways
  • Physiologic Dead Space: volume of air which is inhaled that does not take part in the gas exchange, either because it (1) remains in the conducting airways, or (2) reaches alveoli that are not perfused or poorly perfuse
35
Q

Pulmonary: anatomy & physiology

Pulmonary perfusion is _________ dependent (gravity).

A

position

36
Q

Pulmonary: anatomy & physiology

Shunt =

A

poor ventilation

37
Q

Pulmonary: anatomy & physiology

Normal V/Q is:

A

0.8 - 1.0

  • Poor ventilation – shunt (obstruction)
  • Poor perfusion – physiologic dead space​

COMP EXAM - LIU Physical Therapy Annual Exam (66 decks)

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