Chapter 11- Personality

Question 1

According to Freud, retreating to a more infantile psychosexual stage, where some psychic energy remains fixated

Answer 1

Regression

Question 2

View of personality with a focus on the unconscious and the importance of childhood experiences

Answer 2

Psychodynamic theories

Question 3

Conscientiousness, agreeableness, Neuroticism (emotional stability vs instability), openness and extra version

Answer 3

The big 5 personality factors

Question 4

Carl Rogers stated that “____” -“____” is a central feature of “____”

Answer 4

Self-concept is a central feature of personality

Question 5

Shifting sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person

Answer 5

Displacement

Question 6

This effect occurs when overestimating others’ noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance and blunders

Answer 6

Spotlight effect

Question 7

Protection from repeating mistakes, mechanism to prompt positive feedback, preparation for possible failure and put down for old selves rather than current selves are all reasons to why

Answer 7

People put themselves down

Question 8

Disguising one’s own threatening impulses by attibuting them to others

Answer 8

Projection

Question 9

According to Eysenck and Eysenck, many normal human variations can be “____” to 2 factors: “____” -“____” and “____” “____” -“____” .

Answer 9

Reduced to 2 factors: Extraversion-introversion and emotional stability-instability

Question 10

Less pressure to conform, more persistent at difficult tasks, less shy, anxious and lonely are all benefits of “____” “____” -“____”

Answer 10

High self-esteem

Question 11

In psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how unimportant or embarrassing

Answer 11

Free association

Question 12

Trait theories “____”

Answer 12

Describe

Question 13

Most people see themselves as “____” than average

Answer 13

Better

Question 14

According to Freud, peopel seek to express “____” in ways that bring “____” without “____” or “____”

Answer 14

Impulses in ways that bring satisfaction without guilt or punishment

Question 15

Giving priority to our own goals over group goals and defining out identity in terms of personal traits rather than group membership

Answer 15

Individualism

Question 16

Readiness to perceive ourselves favorably is known as

Answer 16

Self-serving bias

Question 17

According to Carl Rogers, people have “____” -“____” tendencies and are basically “____”

Answer 17

Self-actualizing tendencies and are basically good

Question 18

According to Gordon Allport, personality is describe as a “____” and “____” pattern of “____”

Answer 18

Stable and enduring pattern of behavior

Question 19

Freud’s theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions

Answer 19

Psychoanalysis

Question 20

An individual’s characteristic pattern thinking, feeling, and acting

Answer 20

Personality

Question 21

i love you <3<3<3<3<3

Answer 21

Jenny

Question 22

Refusing to believe or even perceive painful realities

Answer 22

Denial

Question 23

This quote, “Any theory of motivation that is worthy of attention must deal with te highest capacities of the healthy and strong person as well as with the defensive maneuvers of cirppled spirits.” is by

Answer 23

Abraham Maslow

Question 24

According to Frued, urges are “____” through “____” “____” which aid in the “____” of basic conflict

Answer 24

Internalized through social restraints which aid in the resolution of basic conflict

Question 25

According to Freud, a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives. It operates gratification

Answer 25

Id

Question 26

According to Freud, the ego “____” reality in an effort to “____” “____” through defense mechanisms

Answer 26

Distorts reality in an effort to manage anxiety through defense mechanisms

Question 27

Freudian and Humanistic theories “____”

Answer 27

Explain

Question 28

Conflicts between the “____” and “____” create “____” for the ego

Answer 28

ID and superego create anxiety for the ego

Question 29

According to Freud, represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment (the conscience) and for future goals

Answer 29

Superego

Question 30

A cluster of behavior tendencies that occur together

Answer 30

Factor

Question 31

Involves our internal view of our personality. This is the center of personality and organizer of thoughts, feelings and actions

Answer 31

Self-image

Question 32

To recognize the spotlight effect and to take the perspective of an audience member are both methods to “____” the “____” “____”

Answer 32

Reduce the Spotlight effect

Question 33

With “____” “____” -“____” , one has the tendency to behave negatively toward others

Answer 33

Low self-esteem

Question 34

“____” “____” focused on ways, “healthy,” people strive for self-determination and self-realization

Answer 34

Abraham Maslow

Question 35

According to Freud, the largely conscious, “executive” part of personality that, balances the demands of the id, superego, and reality. It operates on the reality principles

Answer 35

Ego

Question 36

Offering self-justifying explanations in place ofthe real, more threatening unconscious reasons for one’s actions

Answer 36

Rationalizing

Question 37

Switching unacceptable impulses into their opposites

Answer 37

Reaction formation

Question 38

According to Freud, personality arises from “____” between “____” and “____” .

Answer 38

Conflict between impulse and restraint

Question 39

Includes vision of self that one dreams of becoming and fear of becoming

Answer 39

Possible self

Question 40

Giving priority to goals of our group and defining our identity accordingly

Answer 40

Collectivism

Question 41

According to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories. According to contemporary psychologists, information processing of which we are unaware

Answer 41

Unconscious

Question 42

According to Carl Rogers these characteristics: “____” ,”____” and “____” nurture “____” between any 2 human beings

Answer 42

Genuineness, acceptance and empathy nurtue growth between and 2 human beings

Question 43

A characteristic pattern of behavior or tendency to feel and act in a certain way. Assessed by self-reports on a personality test

Answer 43

Trait

Question 44

Freud believed that “____” enables other defense mechanisms

Answer 44

Repression