Chapter 7- Memory

Question 1

Memory demonstrated by time saved when learning material a second time

Answer 1

Relearning

Question 2

The process of getting information into the memory system

Answer 2

Encoding

Question 3

The activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations in memory

Answer 3

Priming

Question 4

What type of memories are memories of physical skills

Answer 4

Implicit memories

Question 5

Encoding is more effective when it is spread over time

Answer 5

Spacing effect

Question 6

This part of the brain plays an important role in forming and storing memories created by classical conditioning. Also deals with implicit memory formation

Answer 6

Cerebellum

Question 7

Memory that stresses conscious, active processing of incoming information, and of information retrieved from long-term memory. Processes important, focused information

Answer 7

Working memory

Question 8

This part of the brain helps form memories for physical skills. Also deals with implicit memory formation

Answer 8

Basal Ganglia

Question 9

The disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information

Answer 9

Proactive interference

Question 10

An anchor point for pathways to memories suspended in the web of associations in our brain

Answer 10

Retrieval cue

Question 11

Sensory memory persists about one-third of a second then quickly fades away according to what Psychologist

Answer 11

George Sperling

Question 12

Activated memory that holds a few items briefly (such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing) before the information is stored or forgotten

Answer 12

Short-term memory

Question 13

A method to help us think about how the brain forms and retrieves memories

Answer 13

Information-processing models

Question 14

A type of memory that is improved when the context present at encoding and retrieval are the same

Answer 14

Context-dependent memory

Question 15

Memory aids, especially techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices

Answer 15

Mnemonics

Question 16

The process of getting information out of memory storage

Answer 16

Retrieval

Question 17

The persistence of learning over time through the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information

Answer 17

Memory

Question 18

Unless rehearsed, verbal information can be quickly forgotten

Answer 18

Short-term memory decay

Question 19

Retaining learned skills, or classically conditioned associations, without conscious awareness (also called nondeclarative memory)

Answer 19

Implicit memory

Question 20

Reducing information into meaningful units that are easier to remember

Answer 20

Chunking

Question 21

Muscle memory

Answer 21

Procedural

Question 22

A clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event

Answer 22

Flashbulb memory

Question 23

Lasting physical changes in the brain as a memory forms

Answer 23

Memory trace

Question 24

Memory of facts and personal events you can consciously retrieve. (also called declarative memory)

Answer 24

Explicit memory

Question 25

In psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness the thoughts, feelings, and memories that arouse anxiety

Answer 25

Repression

Question 26

Echoic memory

Answer 26

Auditory

Question 27

Iconic memory

Answer 27

Visual

Question 28

Unconscious encoding of everyday information, such as a space, time, and frequency, and of well-learned information, such as word meanings

Answer 28

Automatic processing

Question 29

An increase in a synapse's firing potential. Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory

Answer 29

Long-term potentiation (LTP)

Question 30

Memory demonstrated by identifying items previously learned, as on a multiply-choice test

Answer 30

Recognition

Question 31

A neural center located in the Limbic system. Explicit memories for facts and episodes are processed here and fed to other brain regions for storage.

Answer 31

Hippocampus

Question 32

Where priming memory is often helped by returning to the context of the experience

Answer 32

Context effects

Question 33

The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences

Answer 33

Long-term memory

Question 34

When a memory has been corrupted by misleading information

Answer 34

Misinformation effect

Question 35

The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system

Answer 35

Sensory memory

Question 36

Memory demonstrated by retrieving information learned earlier, as on a fill-in-the-blank test

Answer 36

Recall

Question 37

A type of practice that utilizes the spacing effect and produces speedy, short term learning and feelings of confidence

Answer 37

Massive practice

Question 38

Faulty memory for how, when, or where information was learned or imagined

Answer 38

Source amnesia

Question 39

Producing an idea you think is original but is actually something you forgot you learned previously

Answer 39

Cryptomnesia

Question 40

That eerie sense that "I've experienced this before." Cues from the current situation may unconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience

Answer 40

Deja vu

Question 41

Our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list

Answer 41

Serial position effect

Question 42

A type of practice that utilizes the spacing effect and produces better long-term recall

Answer 42

Distributed practice

Question 43

A type of memory that is associated to autobiographical events that can be explicitly stated or conjured

Answer 43

Episodic memory

Question 44

Forgetting is initially rapid then levels off with time

Answer 44

Storage decay

Question 45

The process of retaining encoded information over time

Answer 45

Storage

Question 46

This part of the brain deals strictly with emotion-related memory formation

Answer 46

Amygdala

Question 47

Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort

Answer 47

Effortful processing

Question 48

Literally "without memory"- a loss of memory, often due to brain trauma, injury, or disease

Answer 48

Amnesia

Question 49

The disruptive effect of new learning on a recall of old information

Answer 49

Retroactive interference

Question 50

A type of amnesia where conscious memory of the first 3 years is blank

Answer 50

Infantile amnesia

Question 51

A type of memory that is a part of LTM and is responsible for motor skills

Answer 51

Procedural memories

Question 52

The tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with your current good or bad mood

Answer 52

Mood-congruent memory

Question 53

Encoding is very effective under this repetitive method

Answer 53

Testing effect