6.3 Understanding culture Flashcards
John suggests three main cultural frames that must be considered to understand how and why an individual behaves in a certain way:
1 g_______ - mixture of national and regional influences
2 organisational field - the sector of the industry with its differing professional influencers
3 organisation - the intermix of subcultures and divisions within the organisation itself.
geographic
Hofstede recognized cultural differences in attitudes to work, and suggested four key dimensions to consider regarding national culture. What were these?
1 The relationship with authority and acceptance of inequality.
2 The relationship between an individual and groups of people.
3 The longevity of the vision
4 The tolerance of uncertainty and ambiguity.
The concept of an organisational f____ describes any group of organisations that have frequent contact and relationships, and have therefore developed a shared cultural approach.
field
Johnson suggests that it is useful to consider three different types of concept when considering the cultural impact of an organisational field. These are:
1) Categorisation - labeling activities/products/services
2) Recipes - assumptions, norms and routines held in common
3) L________ - institutionalisation of both categories and recipes across time, leading to people following particular strategic routes.
Legitimacy
Schein (2004) suggests that organisational culture is the basic a_________ and b______ that are shared by members of an organisation, operate unconsciously and define in the basic taken for granted fashion an organisation’s view of itself and its environment.
assumptions
beliefs
The culture of an organisation can be thought of as described by its
1) M______
2) M______
3) P_______
4) V_____
Mission
Methods
Principles
Values
Wearden offers three models of organisational culture:
1) Harrison and Handy - c________ types
2) Deal and Kennedy - o__________ cultures
3) Johnson - the cultural w___
Cultural
Organisational
Web
What are Harrison and Handy’s (1993) four cultural types?
1) P____
2) R___
3) T___
4) P______
1) Power
2) Role
3) Task
4) Person
Deal and Kennedy (1982) suggested culture was based around six interlocked elements.
- history
- values and beliefs
- rituals and ceremonies
- s______
- h______ figures
- cultural network
stories
heroic
Deal and Kennedy found four distinct types of culture:
1) M_____, t____-g__ culture - people enjoy excitement and work hard to become organisational stars
2) P______ c______ - no individual is likely to have a notable impact on the success of the organisation
3) W___ a__ p___ h___ culture - e.g sales teams
4) B__-y___-c_______ culture - decisions are high risk, but the impact is slow to materialise.
tough-guy
culture
hard
company
Johnson’s cultural web consists of 6 aspects:
1) Organisational s________
2) P____ structures
3) Sy_____
4) St____
5) R______ and routines
6) C_____ systems
Organsational structures Power structures Symbols Stories Rituals and routines Control systems
