Cerebral Cortex

Question 1

3 cortical memory systems

Answer 1

1. working memory
2. declarative memory
3. procedural memory

Question 2

working memory is

Answer 2

short-term memory, sets behavioral context, critical

Question 3

working memory is located in area

Answer 3

46 of the prefrontal cortex

Question 4

declarative memory is

Answer 4

our intellectual knowledge

Question 5

declarative memory revolves around what brain region?

Answer 5

the hippocampus

Question 6

Declarative memory - final common pathway of secondary and tertiary sensory cortex are the rhinal cortices in the

Answer 6

temporal lobe

rhinal cortices include: parahippocampal, perirhinal, entorhinal

Question 7

the rhinal cortices and hippocampus are responsible for forming

Answer 7

declarative memories

which are patterns of association amongst sensory inputs

Question 8

declarative memories are stored in

Answer 8

secondary and tertiary cerebral cortex

Question 9

declarative memory also receives inputs from the

Answer 9

prefrontal cortex, amygdala, diencephalon and reticular activating system - they serve as modulating influence on memory formation

Question 10

procedural memory involves actual execution of

Answer 10

motor activities

Question 11

procedural memory involves a complex set of pathways and links both

Answer 11

posterior and frontal associations corticies, cerebellum, basal ganglia, primary and secondary motor cortices to form memories of muscle actions

Question 12

frontal lobe: broca’s motor speech area:

Answer 12

speech output area
area 44
frontal eye field (areas 8, part of 6/9) concerned with the control of conjugate eye movements

Question 13

broca’s aphasia

Answer 13

no longer can talk but can still understand and write

Question 14

frontal lobe: dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

Answer 14

areas 46 & 10
involved with short-term (working) memory, planning and executive function
top of the nervous system

Question 15

frontal lobe: orbital prefrontal cortex

Answer 15

area 11

involved with emotional reactions to perceived events, more executive function

Question 16

temporal lobe: wernicke’s area

Answer 16

language comprehnesion

junction between area 40 & 22

Question 17

wernicke’s aphasia

Answer 17

no longer can comprehend speech or talk

Question 18

Layer I of cerebral cortex

Answer 18

synapses

Question 19

Layer I of cerebral cortex - what does it contain?

Answer 19

axons coming from other regions

apical dendrites of pyramidal cells from lower layers

Question 20

Layer II & III of cerebral cortex

Answer 20

cortico-cortical projections

Question 21

Layer II & III of cerebral cortex - what does it contain?

Answer 21

small pyramidal neurons (from layer II) and medium pyramidal neurons (from layer III) - these pyramidal neurons send their axons to other regions of the cerebral cortex

Question 22

Layer IV of cerebral cortex

Answer 22

thalamic input

Question 23

Layer IV of cerebral cortex - what does it contain?

Answer 23

thalamus projects its axons into this layer
very large in primary sensory cortex
not really involved in motor cortex

Question 24

Layer V & VI of cerebral cortex

Answer 24

subcortical projections

Question 25

Layer V & VI of cerebral cortex - what does it contain?

Answer 25

layer V- larger sized pyramidal neurons that project subcortically
layer VI- neurons that are irregularly shaped
they send their axons outside the cortex all together