Prolactin

Question 1

where does prolactin originate from?

Answer 1

the anterior pituitary

Question 2

what cells does prolactin come from?

Answer 2

mammotroph cells

Question 3

chemistry of PRL

Answer 3

199 aa with 2 DS bridges

Question 4

prolactin secretion mechanism

Answer 4

exocytosis of PRL containing vesicles

Question 5

regulation of PRL secretion is controlled by

Answer 5

PIF, DA - it inhibits secretion

TRH and VIP stimulate it

Question 6

other things that stimulate secretion of PRL

Answer 6

estrogen - decrease lactotroph sensitivity to DA
stress - reduces DA
Suckling - reduces DA
copulation

Question 7

HPL secretion increases during

Answer 7

3rd trimester of pregnancy

Question 8

Function of Prolactin in Males - acts synergistically with

Answer 8

LH to stimulate testosterone production

Question 9

Function of Prolactin in Males - stimulates growth of what gland?

Answer 9

prostate

Question 10

do males need to have it?

Answer 10

no

Question 11

is over expression bad in males?

Answer 11

yes

Question 12

function of prolactin in females - elevated levels lead to problems with (2 things)

Answer 12

menstrual cycle + ovulation

Question 13

primary sugar in milk is

Answer 13

lactose

Question 14

primary lipid are

Answer 14

free fatty acids

Question 15

primary proteins are (2)

Answer 15

casein and alpha lactablbumin

Question 16

what 3 hormones are important for the development of the ductal tree?

Answer 16

growth hormone, glucocorticoid (cortisol) and estrogen

Question 17

maintenance of lactation requires 4 main hormones

Answer 17

1. prolactin
2. cortisol
3. insulin
4. thyroid hormones

Question 18

what does suckling stimulate?

Answer 18

mechanoreceptors

Question 19

mechanoreceptors (in the sucking process) stimulate what type of cells, to increase what?

Answer 19

paraventricular cells to increase oxytocin release

Question 20

pathology of prolactin - gyneocomastia

Answer 20

overgrowth of mammary gland in males

Question 21

pathology of prolactin - galactorrhea

Answer 21

inappropriate lactation in females

Question 22

pathology of prolactin - infertility

Answer 22

increased prolactin causes this

Question 23

pathology of prolactin - breast cancer

Answer 23

doesn’t look like prolactin is involved