Medical Terminology Chapter 12 Flashcards
(80 cards)
1
Q
alges/o
A
sense of pain
2
Q
astr/o
A
star
3
Q
centr/o
A
center
4
Q
cerebell/o
A
cerebellum
5
Q
cerebr/o
A
cerebrum
6
Q
clon/o
A
rapid contracting and relaxing
7
Q
concuss/o
A
to shake violently
8
Q
dur/o
A
dura mater
9
Q
encephal/o
A
brain
10
Q
esthesi/o
A
sensation, feeling
11
Q
gli/o
A
glue
12
Q
medull/o
A
medulla oblongata
13
Q
mening/o
A
meninges
14
Q
meningi/o
A
meninges
15
Q
ment/o
A
mind
16
Q
myel/o
A
spinal cord
17
Q
neur/o
A
nerve
18
Q
peripher/o
A
away from center
19
Q
poli/o
A
gray matter
20
Q
pont/o
A
pons
21
Q
radicul/o
A
nerve root
22
Q
thalam/o
A
thalamus
23
Q
thec/o
A
sheath (meninges)
24
Q
tom/o
A
to cut
25
ton/o
tone
26
ventricul/o
ventricle
27
central nervous system consists of
brain and spinal cord
28
nervous tissue has two basic types of cells
neuron and neuroglial cells
29
neurons have three basic parts
dendrites, a nerve cell body and an axon
30
myelin
fatty substance that acts as insulation for many axons so that thy conduct electrical impulses faster. Produced by some neuroglial cells
31
Explain gray matter and white matter
gray matter-unsheathed or uncovered cell bodies & dendrites.
white matter-myelinated nerve fibers
32
tracts
bundles of nerve fibers interconnecting different parts of the CNS
33
meninges
membranes that encase and protect the CNS
34
four sections of the brain
cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon and brain stem
35
cerebrum
largest section of the brain; processes thoughts, judgement, memory, problem solving and language.
36
cerebral cortex
outer layer of the cerebrum and composed of folds of gray matter.
37
gyri
elevated portions of the cerebrum, or convolutions.
38
sulci
fissures or valleys
39
hemispheres and lobes of cerebrum
cerebral hemispheres; frontal lobe (motor function, personality, & speech); parietal lobe (receives & interprets nerve impulses from sensory receptors and interprets language); occipital lobe (controls vision); temporal lobe (controls hearing & smell)
40
diencephalon
below the cerebrum; thalamus & hypothalamus
41
thalamus
composed of gray matter & acts as a center for relaying impulses from the eyes, ears, & skin to the cerebrum. Pain perception is controlled here.
42
hypothalamus
below the thalamus; controls body temperature, appetite, sleep, sexual desire, and emotions. It is responsible for controlling the autonomic nervous system, cardiovascular system, digestive system & the release of hormones from the pituitary gland.
43
cerebellum
2nd largest, located beneath the posterior part of the cerebrum. Aids in coordinating voluntary body movements, maintaining balance & equilibrium. It refines the muscular movement that is initiated in the cerebrum
44
3 components of brain stem
midbrain, pons & medulla oblongata
45
midbrain
acts as a pathway for impulses to be conducted between the brain & the spinal cord
46
pons
"bridge" connects the cerebellum to the rest of the brain
47
medulla oblongata
connects the brain tot he spinal cord. Contains the centers that control respiration, heart rate, temperature, & blood pressure. It's where the nerves cross over...the right side of the brain controls the left side of the body & vice versa
48
ascending tracts in the spinal cord
carries sensory information up to the brain
49
descending tracts
carries motor commands down from the brain to a peripheral nerve
50
spinal cord
provides a pathway for impulses traveling to and from the brain.
51
Layers of meninges from external to internal
dura mater: "tough mother"; tough fibrous sac around the cns
subdural space: actual space between the dura mater & arachnoid layers
arachnoid layer: "spiderlike"; thin, delicate layer attached to the pia mater by weblike filaments
subarachnoid space: space between arachnoid & pia mater; contains cerebrospinal fluid that cushions the brain from the outside
pia mater: "soft mother"; innermost layer & applied directly to the surface of the brain & spinal cord
52
2 divisions of the autonomic nervous system
sympathetic and parasympathetic
53
Efferent or Motor neurons
neurons that carry impulses away from the brain & spinal cord
54
afferent or sensory neurons
neurons that carry impulses to the brain & spinal cord
55
Pertaining to the brain
encephalic
56
pertaining to within the skull
intracranial
57
intrathecal
pertaining to within the meninges, specifically the subdural or subarachnoid space
58
subdural
pertaining to under the dura mater
59
the cerebrum & spinal cord
cerebrospinal
60
ataxia
lack of muscle coordination
61
cephalalgia
headache
62
dysphasia
difficulty communicating verbally or in writing due to damage of the speech or language centers in the brain
63
aura
sensations before a seizure
64
meningitits
inflammation of the meninges
65
coma
profound unconsciousness
66
shingles
Herpes zoster infection
67
syncope
fainting
68
palsy
loss of ability to control movement
69
absence seizure
seizure without convulsion
70
tonic-clonic seizure
seizure with convulsions
71
meningocele
congenital hernia of meninges
72
concussion
mild traumatic brain injury
73
brain scan
diagnostic image made with radioactive isotopes
74
lumbar puncture
obtains CSF from around spinal cord
75
cerebral angiography
x-ray of brain's blood vessels
76
EEG
record of brain's electrical activity
77
PET scan
image made by measuring gamma rays
78
nerve block
regional injection of anesthetic
79
neurorrhaphy
suture together sheath around a nerve
80
myelogram
x-ray of spinal cord
