Medical Terminology Chapter 3 Flashcards
(188 cards)
1
Q
primary structures in the integumentary system
A
skin, hair, nails, subaceous glands, sweat glands
2
Q
albin/o
A
white
3
Q
cauter/o
A
to burn
4
Q
cry/o
A
cold
5
Q
cutane/o
A
skin
6
Q
derm/o
A
skin
7
Q
dermat/o
A
skin
8
Q
diaphor/o
A
profuse sweating
9
Q
electr/o
A
electricity
10
Q
erythr/o
A
red
11
Q
hidr/o
A
sweat
12
Q
ichthy/o
A
scaly, dry
13
Q
kerat/o
A
hard, horny
14
Q
leuk/o
A
white
15
Q
lip/o
A
fat
16
Q
melan/o
A
black
17
Q
myc/o
A
fungus
18
Q
necr/o
A
death
19
Q
onych/o
A
nail
20
Q
pedicul/o
A
lice
21
Q
phot/o
A
light
22
Q
py/o
A
pus
23
Q
rhytid/o
A
wrinkle
24
Q
sarc/o
A
flesh
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scler/o
hard
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seb/o
oil
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system/o
system
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trich/o
hair
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ungu/o
nail
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vesic/o
sac, bladder
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xer/o
dry
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-derma
skin condition
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allo-
other, different from usual
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xeno-
foreign
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-gen
that which produces
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the skin's accessory organs
sweat glands, sebaceous glands, hair and nails
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alternate terms for skin
integument and cutaneous membrane
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what do sensory receptors do?
detect temperature, pain, touch and pressure
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Layers of skin
superficial epidermis and deeper dermis and subcutaneous layer
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Dermis layers of the skin
hypodermis or subcutaneous layer (not truly a layer, but assists in the functions of the skin)
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What type of tissue is in the epidermis?
stratified squamous epithelium. It consists of flat scale-like cells arranged in overlapping layers of strata.It does not have a blood supply or any connective tissue, so it is dependent for nourishment on the deeper layers of skin.
42
Deepest layer of epidermis
basal layer
| Cells continually grow and multiply in this layer. New cells push old cells to surface.
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keratin
hard protein
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dermis
also called corium
| middle layer of skin, located between the epidermis and the subcutaneous layer
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What is dermis made of?
connective tissue and collagen fibers
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collagen fibers
are made from a strong, fibrous protein, present in connective tissue, forming a flexible "glue" that gives connective tissue its strength.
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lipocytes
fat cells
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What is the subcutaneous layer made of?
lipocytes
| a layer that separates the dermis from the deeper tissues
49
How is hair formed?
the deeper cells in the hair root force older keratinized cells to move upward, forming the hair shaft. The hair shaft grows toward the skin surface within the hair follicle.
50
What gives hair color?
melanin
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arrector pili
each hair has a small slip of smooth muscle attached to it.
| When this muscle contracts the hair shaft stands up, resulting in "goose bumps".
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nail body
a flat plate of keratin that covers the ends of fingers and toes
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nail bed
the nail body is connected to the tissue underneath by the nail bed
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nail root
base of the nail and is covered and protected by the soft tissue cuticle.
55
free edge of nail
is the exposed edge that is trimmed when nails become too long.
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lunula of nail
the light-colored half-moon area at the base of the nail.
57
sebum
sebaceous glands, found in the dermis, secrete the oil sebum, which lubricates the hair and skin, thereby helping to prevent drying and cracking.
58
sudoriferous glands
sweat glands
| about 2 million in the body
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sweat duct
sweat travels to the surface of the skin in a sweat duct
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sweat pore
the surface opening of a sweat duct
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perspiration
sweat
| It contains a small amount of waste product but is normally colorless and odorless
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apocrine glands
are sweat glands in the pubic and underarm areas that secrete a thicker sweat, which can produce an odor when it comes into contact with bacteria on the skin. Recognized as body odor
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The only living layer of the epidermis
dermis
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angi/o
vessel
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bas/o
base
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cortic/o
outer layer
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cyt/o
cell
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esthesi/o
feeling
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septic/o
infection
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-ectomy
surgical removal
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-emia
blood condition
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-ia
state, condition
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-iasis
abnormal condition
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-itis
inflammation
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-malacia
abnormal softening
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-opsy
view of
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-osis
abnormal condition
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-phagia
eat, swallow
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-plasty
surgical repair
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-tome
instrument to cut
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-ule
small
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anti-
against
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auto-
self
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de-
without
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epi-
above
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para-
beside
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sub-
under
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cutaneous
cutane/o-skin
-ous-pertaining to
pertaining to the skin
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dermal
derm/o
| pertaining to the skin
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epidermal
epi-above
derm/o-skin
pertaining to upon the skin
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hypodermic
hypo-below
derm/o-skin
pertaining to under the skin
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intradermal
intra-within
derm/o-skin
pertaining to within the skin
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subcutaneous
sub-under
| pertaining to under the skin
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ungual
ungu/o-nail
| pertaining to the nails
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plastic surgery
surgical specialty involved in repair, reconstruction or improvement of the body structures
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abrasion
a scraping away of the skin surface by friction
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comedo
collection of hardened sebum in hair follicle. Also, called a blackhead
98
anhidrosis
an-without
hidr/o-sweat
osis-abnormal condition
abnormal condition of no sweat
99
contusion
injury caused by a blow to the body; causes swelling, pain and bruising. The skin is not broken.
100
cyst
fluid-filled sac under the skin
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depigmentation
de-without
| loss of normal skin color or pigment
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diaphoresis
diaphor/o-profuse sweating
| profuse sweating
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ecchymosis
-osis-abnormal condition
| skin discoloration caused by blood collecting under the skin following blunt trauma to the skin. A bruise.
104
erythema
erythr/o-red
hem/o-blood
redness or flushing of the skin
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erythroderma
erythr/o-red
| the condition of having reddened or flushed skin
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eschar
a thick layer of dead tissue and tissue fluid that develops over a deep burn area
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fissure
crack-like lesion or groove on the skin
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hirsutism
excessive hair growth over the body
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hyperemia
hyper-excessive
emia-blood condition
redness of the skin due to increased blood flow
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hyperhidrosis
hyper-excessive
hidr/o-sweat
-osis-abnormal condition
abnormal condition of excessive sweat
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hyperpigmentation
abnormal amount of pigmentation in the skin
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ichthyoderma
ichthy/o-scaly, dry
| the condition of having scaly and dry skin
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lesion
general term for a wound, injury or abnormality
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leukoderma
leuk/o-white
| having skin that appears white because the normal skin pigment is absent. May be all of the skin or just some
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lipoma
fatty mass
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macule
flat, discolored area that is flush with the skin surface. An example would be a freckle or birthmark
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necrosis
necr/o-death
| abnormal condition of death
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nevus
pigmented skin blemish, birthmark or mole. Usually benign but may become cancerous
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nodule
-ule-small
| firm, solid mass of cells in the skin larger than .5 cm in diameter
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onychomalacia
onchy/o-nail
malacia-abnormal softening
softening of the nails
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pallor
abnormal paleness of the skin
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papule
small, solid, circular raised spot on the surface of the skin less than .5 cm in diameter
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petechiae
pinpoint purple or red spots from minute hemorrhages under the skin
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photosensitivity
condition in which the skin reacts abnormally when exposed to light, such as the ultraviolet rays of the sun
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pruritus
severe itching
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purpura
hemorrhages into the skin due to fragile blood vessels that appear dark brown/purplish. Commonly seen in older adults
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purulent
containing pur or an infection that is producing pus. Pus consists of dead bacteria, white blood cells and tissue debris
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pustule
raised spot on the skin containing pus
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pyoderma
py-pus
| presence of pus on or in the layers of skin. A sign of a bacterial infection.
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scleroderma
scler/o-hard
| a condition in which the skin has lost its elasticity and become hardened.
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seborrhea
oily discharge
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suppurative
containing or producing pus
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ulcer
open sore or lesion in skin or mucous membrane
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urticaria
also called hives; a skin eruption of pale reddish wheals with severe itching. Usually associated with food allergy, stress, or drug reactions
135
vesicle
vesic/o-sac
| a blister; small, fluid-filled raised spot on the skin
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wheal
small, round, swollen area on the skin; typically seen in allergic skin reactions such as hives and usually accompanied by urticaria
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xeroderma
xer/o-dry
| condition in which the skin is abnormally dry
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abscess
a collection of pus in the skin
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acne
inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles resulting in papules and pustules
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acne rosacea
chronic form of acne seen in adults involving redness, tiny pimples, and broken blood vessels, primarily on the nose and cheeks
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acne vulgaris
common form of acne seen in teenagers. Characterized by comedos, papules, and pustules
142
albinism
a genetic condition in which the body is unable to make melanin. Characterized by white hair and skin and red pupils due to the lack of pigment. The person with albinism is called an albino
143
basal cell carcinoma
```
bas/o-base
-al-pertaining to
carcin/o-cancer
-oma-tumor
cancerous tumor of the basal cell layer of the epidermis. A frequent type of skin cancer that rarely metastasizes or spreads. These cancers can arise on sun-exposed skin.
```
144
burn
damage to the skin that can result from exposure to open fire, electricity, UV light from the sun, or caustic chemicals. Seriousness depends on the amount of body surface involved and the depth of the burn as determined by the amount of damage to each layer. Skin and burns are categorized as first degree, second degree or third degree.
145
cellulitis
a diffuse, acute infection and inflammation of the connective tissue found in the skin
146
cicatrix
scar
147
decubitus ulcer
open sore caused by pressure over bony prominences cutting off the blood flow to the overlying skin.
ex-bedridden patients (bedsore or pressure sore)
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dermatitis
inflammation of the skin
149
dermatosis
general term indicating the presence of an abnormal skin condition
150
dry gangrene
late stages of gangrene characterized by the affected area becoming dried, blackened, and shriveled; referred to as mummified
151
eczema
superficial dermatitis of unknown cause accompanied by redness, vesicles, itching and crusting
152
gangrene
tissue necrosis usually due to deficient blood supply
153
ichthyosis
condition in which the skin becomes dry, scaly and keratinized.
154
impetigo
a highly infectious bacterial infection of the skin with pustules that rupture and become crusted over.
155
kaposi's sarcoma
form of skin cancer frequently seen in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. Consists of brownish-purple papules that spread from the skin and metastasize to internal organs.
156
keloid
formation of a raised and thickened hypertrophic scar after an injury or surgery
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keratosis
kerat/o-hard, horny
| term for any skin condition involving an overgrowth and thickening of the epidermis layer
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laceration
a torn or jagged wound; incorrectly used to describe a cut
159
malignant melanoma
melan/o-black
dangerous form of skin cancer caused by an uncontrolled growth of melanocytes. May quickly metastasize or spread to internal organs
160
pediculosis
pedicul/o-lice
| infestation with lice. The eggs laid by the lice are called nits and cling tightly to the hair
161
psoriasis
chronic inflammatory condition consisting of papules forming "silvery scale" patches with circular borders
162
rubella
contagious viral skin infection. Commonly called German Measles
163
scabies
contagious skin disease caused by an egg-laying mite that burrows through the skin and causes redness and intense itching, often seen in children
164
sebaceous crust
sac under the skin filled with sebum or oil from a sebaceous gland. This can grow to a large size and may need to be excised.
165
squamous cell carcinoma
cancer of the epidermis layer of skin that may invade deeper tissue and metastasize. Often begins a s a sore that does not heal.
166
strawberry hemangioma
hem/o-blood
angi/o-vessel
-oma-mass
congenital collection of dilated blood vessels causing a red birthmark that fades a few months after birth
167
systemic lupus erythematosus
chronic disease of the connective tissue that injures the skin, joints, kidneys, nervous system and mucous membranes. This is an autoimmune condition meaning that the body's own immune system attacks normal tissue of the body. May produce a characteristic red, scaly butterfly rash across the cheeks and nose.
168
tinea
fungal skin disease resulting in itching, scaling lesions.
169
tinea capitis
fungal infection of the scalp. Commonly called ringworm
170
tinea pedis
fungal infection of the foot. Commonly called athlete's foot
171
varicella
contagious viral skin infection. Commonly called chickenpox
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verruca
commonly called warts; a benign growth caused by a virus. Has a rough surface that is removed by chemicals and/or laser therapy
173
vitiligo
disappearance of pigment from the skin in patches, causing a milk-white appearance. Also called leukoderma
174
wet gangrene
an area of gangrene that becomes secondarily infected by pus-producing bacteria
175
alopecia
absence or loss of hair, especially of the head
176
carbuncle
furuncle involving several hair follicles
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furuncle
bacterial infection of a hair follicle. Characterized by redness, pain and swelling. Also called a boil
178
trichomycosis
trich/o-hair
myc/o-fungus
abnormal condition of hair fungus
179
onychia
infected nail bed
180
onychomycosis
onych/o-nail
myc/o-fungus
abnormal condition of nail fungus
181
onychophagia
onych/o-nail
-phagia-eat, swallow
nail eating (nail biting)
182
paronychia
para-beside
onych/o-nail
infection of the skin fold around a nail
183
allograft
allo-other
| skin graft from one person to another; donor is usually a cadaver. Also called homograft (homo-same)
184
autograft
skin graft from a person's own body
185
dermatome
derm/o-skin
tome-instrument to cut
instrument for cutting the skin or thin transplants of skin
186
dermatoplasty
dermat/o-skin
plasty-surgical repair
skin grafting; transplantation of skin
187
skin graft
transfer of skin from a normal area to cover another site. Used to teat burn victims and after some surgical procedures. Also called dermatoplasty.
188
xenograft
xeno-foreign
| skin graft from an animal of another species
