Medical Terminology Chapter 2 Flashcards
(128 cards)
1
Q
Body organization levels
A
cells, tissues, organs, systems, body
2
Q
abdomin/o
A
abdomen
3
Q
adip/o
A
fat
4
Q
anter/o
A
front
5
Q
brachi/o
A
arm
6
Q
cardi/o
A
heart
7
Q
caud/o
A
tail
8
Q
cephal/o
A
head
9
Q
cervic/o
A
neck
10
Q
chondr/o
A
cartilage
11
Q
crani/o
A
skull
12
Q
crin/o
A
to secrete
13
Q
crur/o
A
leg
14
Q
cyt/o
A
cell
15
Q
dermat/o
A
skin
16
Q
dist/o
A
away from
17
Q
dors/o
A
back
18
Q
enter/o
A
small intestine
19
Q
epitheli/o
A
epithelium
20
Q
gastr/o
A
stomach
21
Q
glute/o
A
buttock
22
Q
gynec/o
A
woman
23
Q
hemat/o
A
blood
24
Q
hist/o
A
tissue
25
immun/o
protection
26
infer/o
below
27
inguin/o
groin
28
larng/o
larynx
29
later/o
side
30
lumb/o
loin (low back)
31
lymph/o
lymph
32
medi/o
middle
33
muscul/o
muscle
34
nephr/o
kidney
35
neur/o
nerve
36
opthalm/o
eye
37
orth/o
straight, upright
38
ot/o
ear
39
pariet/o
caviety wall
40
ped/o
foot
41
pelv/o
pelvis
42
peritone/o
peritoneum
43
pleur/o
pleura
44
poster/o
back
45
proct/o
rectum and anus
46
proxim/o
near to
47
pub/o
genital region
48
pulmon/o
lung
49
rhin/o
nose
50
spin/o
spine
51
super/o
above
52
thorac/o
chest
53
ur/o
urine
54
urin/o
urine
55
vascul/o
blood vessel
56
ventr/o
belly
57
vertebr/o
vertebra
58
viscer/o
internal organ
59
cytology
study of cells and their functions
60
Cells will all have what during their life cycle?
nucleus, cytoplasm, and a cell membrane
61
histology
study of tissue
62
How is a tissue formed?
a tissue is formed when like cells are grouped together and function together to perform a specific activity.
63
What are the types of tissues in the body?
muscular tissue, epithelial tissue, connective tissue and nervous tissue
64
what are muscle fibers?
individual muscle cells
65
What is muscular tissue?
it produces movement in the body through contraction, or shortening in length and is composed of individual muscle cells called muscle fibers
66
What are the basic types of muscles that are formed from muscle tissue?
skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, or cardiac muscle
67
Skeletal muscle
attached to bone
68
smooth muscle
found in internal organs such as the intestine, uterus, and blood vessels
69
cardiac muscle
found only in the heart
70
epithelial tissue
or epithelium is found throughout the body and is composed of close-packed cells that form the covering for and lining of body structures. It may form a protective barrier, epithelial tissue may be specialized to absorb substances, secrete substances or excrete wastes.
71
connective tissue
the supporting and protecting tissue in body structures. It performs many different functions depending on its location, it appears in many different forms so that each is able to perform the task required at the location.
72
nervous tissue
is composed of cells called neurons. This tissue forms the brain, spinal cord, and a network of nerves throughout the entire body, allowing for the conduction of electrical impulses to send information between the brain and the rest of the body.
73
Explain organs
organs are composed of several different types of tissue that work as a unit to perform special functions
74
explain system
a system is composed of several organs working in a coordinated manner to perform a complex function or functions.
75
Integumentary system
specialty-dermatology
word parts= -ary (pertaining to); dermat/o (skin); -logy (study of)
structures-skin; hair; nails; sweat glands; sebaceous glands
functions- forms protective two-way barrier and aids in temperature regulation
76
Musculoskeletal system
specialty- orthopedics; orthopedic surgery
word parts= muscol/o (muscle); -al (pertaining to); orth/o (straight); ped/o (foot); -ic (pertaining to)
structures-bones, joints, muscles
functions-skeleton supports and protects the body, forms blood cells and stores minerals. Muscles produce movement
77
cardiovascular system
specialty- cardiology
word parts = cardi/o (heart); vascul/o (blood vessel); -ar (pertaining to); -logy (study of)
structures-heart, arteries, veins
functions-pumps blood throughout the entire body to transport nutrients, oxygen and wastes
78
blood (hematic system)
specialty-hematology
word parts= hemat/o (blood); -ic (pertaining to); -logy (study of)
structures-plasma, erythrocytes, leukocytes; platelets
functions-transports oxygen, protects against pathogens and controls bleeding
79
lymphatic system
S-immunology
WP-lymph/o (lymph; -atic (pertaining to); immun/o (protection); -logy (study of)
ST-lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, spleen, thymus gland, tonsils
F-protects the body from disease and invasion from pathogens
80
respiratory system
S-otorhinolaryngology; pulmonology; thoracic surgery
WP--ory (pertaining to); ot/o (ear); rhin/o (nose); laryn/o (larynx); pulmon/o (lung); thorac/o (chest); -ic (pertaining to); logy (study of)
ST-nasal cavity; pharynx; larynx; trachea; bronchial tubes; lungs
F-obtains oxygen and removes carbon dioxide from the body.
81
digestive or gastrointestinal system (GI)
S- gastroenterology; proctology
WP-gastr/o (stomach); enter/o (small intestine); proct/o (rectum and anus); -al (pertaining to); logy (study of)
ST-oral cavity, pharnyx, esophagus; stomach, small intestine; colon; liver; gallbladder; pancreas; salivary glands
F-ingests, digests and absorbs nutrients for the body
82
urinary system
S-nephrology; urology
WP- urin/o (urine); -ary (pertaining to); nephr/o (kidney); ur/o (urine); logy (study of)
ST-kidney, ureters; urinary bladder, urethra
F-filters waste products out of the blood and removes them from the body
83
Female reproductive system
S-gynecology; obstetrics
WP-gynec/o (female); logy (study of)
ST-ovary; fallopian tubes; uterus; vagina; vulva; breasts
F-produces eggs for reproduction and provides place for growing baby
84
Male reproductive system
S-urology
WP- urin/o (urine); logy (study of)
ST-testes; epididymis; vas deferens; penis; seminal vesicles; prostate gland; bulbourethral gland
F-produces sperm for reproduction
85
endocrine system
S-endocrinology
WP- endo (within); crin/o (to secrete); -ine (pertaining to); -logy (study of)
ST- pituitary gland; pineal gland, thyroid gland; parathyroid gland; thymus gland; adrenal glands; pancreas; ovaries; testes
F-regulates metabolic activities of the body
86
nervous system
S-neurology; neurodurgery
WP- -ous (pertaining to); neur/o (nerve); -logy (study of)
ST-brain, spinal cord, nerves
F-receives sensory information and coordinates the body's response
87
special senses-eye
S-ophthalmology
WP- ophthmal/o (eye); -logy (study of)
ST-eye
F-vision
88
special senses - ear
S-otorhinolaryngology
WP- ot/o (ear); rhin/o (nose); laryn/o (larynx); -logy (study of)
ST-ear
F-hearing and balance
89
abdominal region
WP-abdomin/o (abdomen); -al (pertaining to)
| D-abdomen; on anterior side of trunk
90
brachial region
WP- brachi/o (arm); -al (pertaining to)
| D-upper extremities or arms
91
cephalic region
WP- cephal/o (head); -ic (pertaining to)
| D-head
92
cervical region
WP - cervic/o (neck); -al (pertaining to)
| D-neck, connects head to trunk
93
crural region
WP - crur/o (leg); -al (pertaining to)
| D-lower extremities or legs
94
dorsum
WP- dors/o (back of body)
| D-back; on posterior side of trunk
95
gluteal region
WP - glute/o (buttock); -al (pertaining to)
| D-buttocks; on posterior side of trunk
96
pelvic region
WP- pelv/o (pelvis); -ic (pertaining to)
| D- pelvis; on anterior side of trunk
97
pubic region
WP - pub/o (genital); -ic (pertaining to)
| D-region containing external genitals; on anterior side of trunk
98
thoracic region
WP - thorac/o (chest); - ic (pertaining to)
| D- chest; on anterior side of trunk; also called thorax
99
trunk
contains all body regions other than head, neck and extremities; also called torso
100
vertebral region
WP-vertebr/o (vertebra); -al (pertaining to)
| D-overlies spinal column or vertebrae; on posterior side of trunk
101
body cavities
abdominal cavity, abdominopelvic cavity; cranial cavity, diaphragm; mediastinum, parietal layer, parietal peritoneum, parietal pleura, pelvic cavity, pericardial cavity, peritoneum, pleura, pleural cavity, spinal cavity, thoracic cavity, viscera, visceral layer, visceral peritoneum, visceral pleura
102
What are the four major cavity groups
two dorsal cavities and two ventral cavities
103
Dorsal cavities include what?
cranial cavity, containing the brain, and the spinal cavity, containing the spinal cord
104
Ventral cavities include what?
the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity
105
diaphragm
is an actual physical wall between the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity
106
mediastinum
is a central region between the two lungs in the thoracic cavity
107
diaphragm is used for what?
breathing
108
abdominopelvic cavity is subdivided how?
into a superior abdominal cavity and an inferior pelvic cavity
109
viscera
the organs within the ventral cavities are referred to as a group as the internal organs or viscera
110
parietal layers
the outer layer that lines the cavities in the ventral cavity
ex: parietal pleura and parietal peritoneum
111
visceral layer
the inner layer that encases the viscera
| ex: visceral pleura and visceral peritoneum
112
How is the thoracic cavity subdivided?
pleura subdivides it forming the pleural cavity (containing the lungs) and the pericardial cavity (containing the heart)
113
anatomical divisions of the abdominopelvic cavity
right hypochondriac region; epigastric region, left hypochondriac region; right lumbar region, umbilical region; left lumbar region; right inguinal region, hypogastric region; left inguinal region
114
right hypochondriac region includes:
right lateral region of upper row beneath the ribs
115
epigastric region
middle area of upper row above the stomach
116
left hypochondriac region
left lateral region of the upper row beneath the lower ribs
117
right lumbar region
right lateral region of the middle row at the waist
118
umbilical region
central area over the navel
119
left lumbar
left lateral region of the middle row at the waist
120
right inguinal region
right lateral region of the lower row at the groin
121
hypogastric region
middle region of the lower row beneath the navel
122
left inguinal
left lateral region of the lower row at the groin
123
clinical divisions of the abdominopelvic cavity
right upper quadrant, left upper quadrant, right lower quadrant; left lower quadrant
124
right upper quadrant
contains majority of liver, gallbladder, small portion of pancreas, right kidney, small intestines and colon
125
right lower quadrant
contains small intestine and colon, right ovary, and fallopian tube, appendix and right ureter
126
left upper quadrant
contains small portion of liver, spleen, stomach, majority of pancreas, left kidney, small intestines, and colon
127
left lower quadrant
contains small intestine and colon, left ovary and fallopian tube and left ureter
128
middle organs
uterus, bladder, prostate gland
