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MS3 > Peds 1 > Flashcards

Peds 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe heads acronym to assess for psychosocial problems in adolescents

A

HEEADSSS

  • Home
  • Education
  • Eating
  • Activities
  • Drugs
  • Sexuality
  • Suicide
  • Safety
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2
Q

At what age do kids roll over?

A

4 months

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3
Q

At what age do kids sit up unsupported

A

6 months

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4
Q

At what age do kids stand with help

A

8 months

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5
Q

At what age do kids crawl

A

9 months

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6
Q

At what age do kids cruise

A

10 months

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7
Q

At what age do kids walk

A

12-13 months

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8
Q

At what age do kids walk upstairs 2 feet/step with assistance

A

18 months

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9
Q

At what age do kids walk upstairs without assistance

A

2 years

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10
Q

At what age do kids walk upstairs alternating steps

A

2.5-3 years

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11
Q

At what age do kids descend stairs (alternating steps)

A

3-4 years

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12
Q

At what age do kids cross object passed midline

A

6 months

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13
Q

At what age do kids:

  • jump
  • balance
  • hop
  • skip
A 
Jump = 2 y/o
Balance = 3
Hop = 4
Skip = 5
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14
Q

At what age do kids grasp:

  • Raking
  • Pincer
A 
Rake = 5-6 months
Pincer = 9 months
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15
Q

At what age do kids draw:

  • Copies line
  • Copies circle
  • Copies cross
  • Copies square
  • Copies triangle
  • Copies diamond
A 
Line = 2 y/p
Circle = 3
Cross = 4
Square = 5
Triangle = 6
Diamond = 7
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16
Q

How many blocks do kids stack at each age

  • 15 months
  • 18 months
  • 24 months
  • 3 years
A

2 blocks = 15 months
4 = 18 months
6 = 24 months (THINK 2+4=6)
9 = 3 years

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17
Q

At what age does stranger anxiety begin

A

6 months

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18
Q

At what age does separation anxiety begin

A

1 year

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19
Q

At what age do kids play:

  • Alone
  • Parallel
  • Group play
  • Tells stories/imaginary friends
  • Card/board games
A 
Alone = 1 yr
Parallel = 2
Group = 3
Stories/imaginary friends = 4
Card/board games = 5
20
Q

At what age do kids babble

A

6 months

21
Q

At what age do kids say mama/dada nonspecific

A

9 monh

22
Q

What speaking do you expect from a 6 m/o

A

Babbles

23
Q

What speaking do you expect from a 1 y/o

A

Dada/mama specific

24
Q

What speaking do you expect from a 2 y/o

A

2 word sentences

Strangers understand 50%

25
Q

What speaking do you expect from a 3 y/o

A

75% of speech understood by strangers

26
Q

What speaking do you expect from a 4 y/o

A

100% of speech understood by strangers

27
Q

Tx of intermittent asthma

A

SABA PRN

28
Q

Describe stepwise tx of persistent asthma

A

1) Low dose inhaled glucocorticoids
2) Low dose inhaled glucocorticoids + LABA
3) Medium dose inhaled glucocorticoids + LABA
4) High dose inhaled glucocorticoids + LABA
5) High dose inhaled glucocorticoids + LABA + oral systemic glucocorticoids

29
Q

Frequency of sx in each type of asthma:

  • Intermittent
  • Mild persistent
  • Moderate persistent
  • Severe persistent
A
  • Intermittent = < 2 days/week
  • Mild persistent = > 2 days/week but not daily
  • Moderate persistent = daily
  • Severe persistent = throughout the day
30
Q

Nighttime awakenings in each type of asthma:

  • Intermittent
  • Mild persistent
  • Moderate persistent
  • Severe persistent
A
  • Intermittent = < 2x/month
  • Mild persistent = 3-4x/month
  • Moderate persistent = > 1x/week
  • Severe persistent = often 7x/week
31
Q

Frequency use of albuterol for sx in each type of asthma:

  • Intermittent
  • Mild persistent
  • Moderate persistent
  • Severe persistent
A
  • Intermittent = <2 days/week
  • Mild persistent = > 2 days/week but not daily and not more than 1x/day
  • Moderate persistent = Daily
  • Severe persistent = several times per day
32
Q

Asthma interference with normal activity in each type of asthma

  • Intermittent
  • Mild persistent
  • Moderate persistent
  • Severe persistent
A
  • Intermittent = none
  • Mild persistent = minor limitation
  • Moderate persistent = some limitation
  • Severe persistent = extremely limited
33
Q

What is the difference between 1st gen and 2nd gen antihistamine

A

1st gen is lipophylic and can cross BBB - 2nd gen cannot

34
Q

Uses of both 1st gen and 2nd gen anti-H1

A

Type-1 allergic reactions (hives, allergic rhinitis)

35
Q

Uses of only 1st gen anti-H1

A
  • Vestibular nausea or motion sickness
  • Drowsiness
  • Treats extrapyramidal side effects caused by antipsychotics (due to Anti-muscarinic effects)
  • Serotonin antagonist (appetite and weight gain)
36
Q

What are the SABA drugs and what is their MOA

A

Albuterol, Terbutaline

Treat the bronchoconstriction of asthma

37
Q

What are the inhaled corticosteroids used to treat asthma

A

Beclomethasone, Budesonide, Fluticasone

38
Q

MOA of inhaled corticosteroids in asthma

A

Block inflammation and cellular infiltration

39
Q

What are the LTD4 (leukotriene) receptor antagonists drug names and MOA

A

Montelukast, Zafirlukast

  • MOA = treats bronchoconstriction
  • Inhibit CysLT1 receptors, thus blocking action of LTD4 which is the most potent bronchoconstrictor of the leukotrienes
40
Q

What are the Lipoxygenase inhibitors drug names and MOA

A

Zileuton (GodZILla)

  • Inhibits LOX, which prevents production of leukotrienes
41
Q

Explain aspirin induced asthma and tx

A
  • Inhibition of COX pathway (e.g. Aspirin) shifts the AA metabolism to the LOX leukotriene pathway
  • Leukotriene inhibitors can be used for treatment
42
Q

What are the long-acting beta agonists (LABA)

A

Salmeterol, Formoterol

43
Q

MOA of Theophylline (a type of Methylxanthine)

A
  • Increased intracellular cAMP by inhibiting its breakdown by phosphodiesterase
  • Increased cAMP can aid in bronchial smooth muscle relaxation and inhibition of cytokine release
44
Q

MOA of Omalizumab

A

Sketchy = limousine

  • Recall: Antigen binding to IgE on mast cells causes degranulation and release of inflammatory mediators (e.g histamine)
  • Omalizumab is an anti-IgE monoclonal antibody directed against the Fc portion of IgE (part that attaches IgE to mast cell), preventing mast cell sensitization
45
Q

MOA of Cromolyn sodium

A

Inhibits mast cell degranulation, preventing the release of histamine

MS3 (88 decks)

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