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MS3 > Peds 12 > Flashcards

Peds 12 Flashcards

1
Q

Tx of cat scratch fever

A

Macrolides

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2
Q

Tx of bacillary angiomatosis

A

Doxycycline or Macrolides

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3
Q

Sx of Brucellosis

A

Fever, chills, anorexia, hepatosplenomegaly, osteomyolitis

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4
Q

Tx of Brucellosis

A

Tetracyclines

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5
Q

Tx of Tularemia

A

Aminoglycosides (streptomycin)

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6
Q

Stage 1 of Lyme disease

A
  • Erythema chronic migrans (Bulls eye rash)

- Fever and sweats

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7
Q

Stage 2 of lyme disease

A

Heart block

Bell’s palsy

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8
Q

Stage 3 of Lyme disease

A
  • Joint pain - migratory polyarthritis

- Encephalopathy

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9
Q

Tx of Lyme disease

A

Stage 1 = doxycycline

Later stages = ceftriaxone

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10
Q

Tx of Immune thrombocytopenia

A
  • Usually a self-limited disease – observe and get a peripheral blood smear to rule out other disease
  • Steroids and IVIG (autoimmune treatment) – if severe bleeding
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11
Q

What is CHARGE syndrome

A

• Coloboma (congenital malformation of eye), Heart defects, Atresia choanae, Retardation of growth/development, Genitourinary anomalies, Ear abnormaltiie/deafness

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12
Q

What bug presents with grayish ulcerated lesions on posterior pharynx

A

Herpangina caused by Coxsackie virus

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13
Q

Describe pathophys of agammagloblulinemia

A

♣ Defect in BTK gene (tyrosine kinase)
♣ No B-cell maturation
♣ Decrease in all immunoglobulin levels

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14
Q

Clinical manifestations of agammaglobulinemia

A

♣ Recurrent sinopulmonary and GI infections

♣ Absence of lymphoid tissue on exam (e.g. tonsils, lymph nodes)

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15
Q

Lab findings of agamma

A

♣ Decreased immunoglobulins and B cells
♣ Normal T cell concentration
♣ No response to vaccinations

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16
Q

Tx of Brutons

A

aka agamma

♣ Immunoglobulin replacement therapy
♣ Prophylactic antibiotics if severe

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17
Q

Contact dermatitis (poison ivy) is a Type __ HSR?

A

Type IV = T-cell mediated

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18
Q

Thumb print sign on X-ray = ?

A

Epiglottitis

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19
Q

Complications that can occur with slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE)

A

Osteonecrosis and chondrolysis

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20
Q

What is chondrolysis

A

Breakdown of the femoroacetabular joint cartilage with no clear etiology

21
Q

Management of SCFE

A

Consult ortho surgery for in situ pinning

22
Q

Describe Legg Calve Perthes disease

A

o Idiopathic avascular necrosis of the femoral head
o Typically presents as thigh or knee pain with limp in a child
o X-ray in the frog position will show joint space widening due to loss (necrosis) of the femoral head height

23
Q

Tx of Legg Calve Perthes

A

♣ Pt made non-weight bearing with immediate ortho referral
♣ Goal is to prevent further necrosis and promote bone remodeling by maintaining femoral head within the acetabulum
♣ Best accomplished by casting the affected leg in abducted and internally rotated fashion

24
Q

What are prophylaxis meds for migraines

A

Topiramate, valproic acid, beta blockers, TCAs, CCBs

25
Q

What heart disorder is associated with “snowman” appearance on X-ray

A

Total anomalous pulmonary venous return

26
Q

What bug is responsible for Otitis externa

A

Pseudomonas (“swimmers ear”)

27
Q

Describe transmission of Coxiella

A

o Forms spore-like structure that comes in animal droppings (can survive GI of animals)
o It gets into humans through aerosol transmission - outbreaks from farm animals to farmers or placental excretions

28
Q

Describe presentation of Q fever

A

Pneumonia, HA, fever, hepatitis

29
Q

Tx of coxiella

A

Not needed - is self- limiting

30
Q

Tx of hydrocele

A

Observation - most are self-resolving

31
Q

How can constipation lead to recurrent UTI

A

Fecal retention can cause rectal distension, which in turn compresses the bladder and prevents compelete voiding. Residual urine is a potential breeding ground for bacteria that ascend to the urethra from the perineum

32
Q

What leads to hemophilic arthropathy (joint pain and swelling) in pts with hemophilia

A

Caused by iron/hemosiderin deposition leading to synovitis and fibrosis within the joint

33
Q

Sx of Lupus

A
  • R = rash
  • A = arthalgias
  • S = Serositis (pleuritis or pericarditis)
  • H = Hematologic disorders
  • O = oral/nasopharyngeal ulcers
  • R = Renal disease
  • P = photosensitivity
  • A = antinuclear antibody
  • I = immunologic disease (anti-dsDNA, anti-Smith, anti-histone, anti-phospholipid)
  • N = neruologic (seizures, psychosis)
34
Q

What strep infection can lead to RF vs PSGN

A

PSGN can follow pharyngitis or skin lesions

RF only follows pharyngitis

35
Q

Abx for pharyngitis can prevent RF or PSGN?

A

Can prevent RF

36
Q

What is the most important laboratory test for post-strep glomerulonephritis

A

Serum C3 and C4 levels

C3 will be low and C4 will be normal

37
Q

Txt of PSGN

A

Supportive:

  • Fluid balance (diuretics, fluid restriction)
  • Restriction of Na and K
  • CCBs to control HTN
38
Q

Describe levels of C3 and C4 in Lupus

A

Low C3 and low C4

vs PSGN which will have low C3 and normal C4

39
Q

How do you diagnose celiac disease?

A

Duodenal biopsy

40
Q

Lab test used to diagnose rhabdomyolysis

A

Elevated CK levels

41
Q

Complications of rhabdomyolysis

A

cardiac arrhythmias secondary to hyperkalemia, AKI, compartment syndrome, DIC

42
Q

Tx of rhabdomyolysis

A

Aggressive rehydration and correction of electrolyte abnormalities

43
Q

What is Spondylolisthesis and how does it present

A

o Developmental disorder characterized by a forward slip of vertebrae (usually L5 over S1) that usually manifests in preadolescent children
o Often presents with back pain, neurologic dysfunction (e.g. urinary incontinence), and a palpable “step off” at the lumbosacral area

44
Q

What substance is responsible for effects of refeeding syndrome

A

insulin

45
Q

What is the primary deficient electrolyte in refeeding syndrome

A

Phosphorus (required for energy via ATP)

46
Q

Describe language of a 9 month old

A

Says “dada” “mama”

47
Q

Tx of HUS

A

• Supportive (e.g. fluid/electrolyte management), blood transfusions, dialysis

48
Q

What is a cholesteatoma

A

o Abnormal skin growth that can develop in middle ear (behind TM)
o Can be congenital or acquired secondary to chronic otitis media
o Complications include hearing loss, cranial nerve palsies, vertigo, and potentially life-threatening infections (e.g. brain abscess, meningitis)

49
Q

Tx of laryngomalacia

A

• Management = reassurance in most cases; supraglottoplasty in severe cases

MS3 (88 decks)

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