Communism in China: Part 3 Flashcards
1
Q
socialism in countryside
A
- 1st stage: involved taking over landlord’s estates and redistributing that land equally among the peasants
- 2nd stage: collectivization of agriculture
- designed to completely end private property
2
Q
“Great Leap Forward”
A
- late 1950s
- an effort to mobilize China’s population for rapid development
- created “people’s communes”
- designed to move toward a more fully communist society with more social equality and collective living
- plan didn’t work, there was massive famine caused by administrative chaos
- killed up to 20 million Chinese form 1959-1962
3
Q
Soviet Union communism
A
- much more violent process, Soviet communists did not have much support in the countryside
- peasants were forced into collective farms
- a lot of resistance from the peasants
- ex. many slaughtered and consumed thousands of animals so collective farms wouldn’t get them
- famine cause 5 million deaths
4
Q
industrial development
A
- China used the same model for industrial development that the Soviet Union had developed decades earlier
- a series of five-year plans = brought all agricultural and industrial production under government control
- state ownership of property
- priority - heavy industry
- massive mobilization of the nation’s human and material resources
5
Q
industrialization
A
- pros:
- increased literacy rates, educational opportunities, more social mobility
- cons:
- rapid urbanization, exploitation of countryside to provide resources for the industries of the city, growth of bureaucratic and technological elite class with a lot more privileges
6
Q
Stalin
A
- largely accepted these outcomes
- created a conservative society that had abandoned much of its revolutionary legacy
- commitment to full equality = abandoned
- endorsed: Russian patriotism, traditional family values, individual competition, and differences in wages to stimulate production
- approximately 20 million people in Soviet Union died during his dicatorship
7
Q
China
A
- did not accept these outcomes
- continuously strove to combat these inevitabilities of industrialization
- tried t preserve the “evolutionary spirit” of China
- mid-1960s = launched the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution
- designed to combat the capitalist elements that had “infiltrated” China
8
Q
1966-1976
A
- a campaign against the “Four Olds” - old thoughts, old culture, old habits, and old customs
- message = revolution and rebellion is good
- wanted to put “intellectuals” in their place
- many schools were shut down
- wanted to establish a more equitable society
- brought healthcare, education, and rural industrialization to the countryside
9
Q
Chiang Kai-shek
A
- called for rebellion against Communist Party itself
- red guards = students and other young people that responded
- red guards attacked local party and government officials, teachers, intellectuals, factory managers, and others they defined as “enemies” that had embraced capitalism
10
Q
Russia
A
- Stalin used secret police to find “enemies” within the Soviet Union and his own communist party
- late 1930s = “The Terror” or “The Great Purges” millions of people were arrested for treason/disloyalty (usually in the dead of night)
- tried and sentenced either to death or to long years in harsh and remote labor camps, known as the “gulag”
11
Q
how many Chinese were killed by weather and famine between 1959-1962
A
- 20 million
12
Q
what was the first stage of socialism in China’s countryside
A
- taking over estates and redistributing them equally among peasants
13
Q
what happened in both China and the Soviet Union on the road to communism
A
- famine
14
Q
which of the following was NOT a con of industrialization in China
A
- more social mobility
15
Q
why was collectivism in the Soviet Union a violent process in comparison to China
A
- peasants were forced into collective farms
