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GI (Y1) > GI Anatomy 4 - Week 3 > Flashcards

GI Anatomy 4 - Week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Explain the path of bile from the liver.

A

Right & left hepatic ducts –> Common hepatic duct –> CHD fuses with cystic duct –> Common bile duct –> joins with main pancreatic duct –> Ampulla of Vater –> drains into 2nd part of duodenum

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2
Q

What are the 4 parts of the duodenum?

A

Superior, descending, horizontal and ascending

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3
Q

Which part(s) of the duodenum is/are intraperitoneal?

A

Superior

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4
Q

Which part(s) of the duodenum is/are retroperitoneal?

A

descending, horizontal and ascending

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5
Q

The duodenum starts at the…

A

Pyloric sphincter

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6
Q

The duodenum ends at the…

A

duodenojejunal flexure

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7
Q

The pyloric sphincter is innervated by…

A

the autonomic nervous system

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8
Q

Pain from duodenal ulcer tends to present in which region?

A

Epigastric region

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9
Q

Is the pancreas intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

A

Retroperitoneal

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10
Q

What are the 4 parts of the pancreas?

A

Head, neck, body and tail

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11
Q

Which process of the pancreas articulates with the duodenum?

A

Ucinate

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12
Q

Which anatomical structures lie posterior to the pancreas?

A 
Right kidney & adrenal gland
IVC
Bile duct
Abdominal aorta
Superior mesenteric vessels
Left kidney & adrenal gland
Part of the portal venous system
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13
Q

Which anatomical structure lies anterior to the pancreas?

A

Stomach

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14
Q

Which anatomical structure lies around the head of the pancreas?

A

Duodenum

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15
Q

How is the pancreas innervated?

A

Parasympathetic stimulation - Superior mesenteric plexus and coeliac plexus via periarterial plexus

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16
Q

What is the function of the exocrine pancreas?

A

Acinar cells produce digestive enzymes to be released into the pancreatic duct

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17
Q

What is the function of the endocrine pancreas?

A

Islets of Langerhans release Insulin and Glucagon into the bloodstream

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18
Q

The widened part of the bile duct is called…

A

ampulla of Vater / hepatopancreatic ampulla

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19
Q

The pancreatic and common bile ducts drain into the…

A

Duodenal papillae

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20
Q

Which sphincter controls movement through duodenal papillae?

A

Sphincter of Oddi

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21
Q

Name 3 sphincters in the biliary tree,

A

Sphincter of Oddi, pancreatic duct sphincter, bile duct sphincter

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22
Q

Which type of imaging can be used to visualise the biliary tree and pancreas?

A

ERCP

23
Q

Jaundice (icterus) is caused by…

A

An increase of bilirubin in the bloodstream

24
Q

An increase of bilirubin in the bloodstream is usually caused by…

A

An obstruction in the biliary tree

25
Q

What are the 2 main causes of obstruction to the biliary tree?

A

Gallstones & carcinoma of the head of the pancreas

26
Q

Pancreatitis occurs when…

A

Digestive juices spill out and begin to digest tissues

27
Q

Explain the general blood supply to the pancreas.

A

Superior = coeliac trunk, Inferior = superior mesenteric artery. These anastamose together

28
Q

Explain the blood supply to the pancreas in detail.

A

Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery from the superior mesenteric artery supplies inferior half. Superior half supplied by Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery from gastroduodenal artery and dorsal pancreatic artery (from splenic artery)

29
Q

At which level does the superior mesenteric artery arise?

A

L1

30
Q

Give a cause of pancreatitis.

A

blockage of the ampulla by a gallstone

31
Q

Where is pain from the pancreas likely to present?

A

Epigastric/umbillical regions or through to the back

32
Q

More advanced pancreatitis can lead to…

A

Haemorrhage leading to blood/fluid accumulation in the retroperitoneal space

33
Q

Grey-Turner’s Sign is a sign of…

A

Acute pancreatitis

34
Q

Cullen’s Sign is a sign of…

A

Acute pancreatitis

35
Q

Bruising on both flanks is called…

A

Grey-Turner’s sign

36
Q

Bruising around the belly button is called…

A

Cullen’s Sign

37
Q

Are the small intestines foregut or midgut organs?

A

The 1st and 2nd parts of the duodenum are foregut organs

The rest of the small intestines are midgut organs

38
Q

Is the jejunum intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

A

Intraperitoneal

39
Q

Is the duodenum intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

A

Retroperitoneal

40
Q

What is the colour difference between the jejenum and the ileum?

A

Jejenum is more red and ileum is more pink

41
Q

Is the jejunum or ileum thicker?

A

Jejenum

42
Q

Does the jejenum or ileum have more mesenteric fat?

A

Ileum

43
Q

Does the jejenum or ileum have more plicae circularis?

A

Jejenum

44
Q

Peyer’s patches are primarily found in the…

A

Ileum

45
Q

Explain the blood supply of the jejenum and ileum.

A

superior mesenteric artery via jejunal and ileal arteries

46
Q

Explain the venous drainage of the jejenum and ileum.

A

jejunal and ileal veins
to superior mesenteric vein
joins with splenic vein to form hepatic portal vein

47
Q

Where do vessels for the jejenum and ileum travel?

A

Within the mesentery

48
Q

Explain the course of the mesenteric artery from L1 to the mesentery proper.

A

Posterior to the neck of the pancreas

Travels inferiorly, Anterior to the Uncinate process of pancreas to enter the mesentery proper

49
Q

Fats (within chylomicrons) are then absorbed from intestinal cells into specialised lymphatic vessels of the small intestine called…

A

Lacteals

50
Q

Where do fats drain to after they have been absorbed by lacteals?

A

They travel via the lymphatic system to eventually drain into the venous system at the left venous angle

51
Q

Name the main groups of lymph nodes draining abdominal organs.

A

Coealic, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric, lumbar

52
Q

Which organs drain lymph into the lumbar nodes?

A

Kidneys, posterior abdo wall, pelvis and lower limbs

53
Q

Explain lymphatic drainage through the thoracic duct.

A

All of the body apart from top right 1/4 drains through the thoracic duct and into the left venous angle

GI (Y1) (79 decks)

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