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GI (Y1) > Viral Hepatitis - Week 5 > Flashcards

Viral Hepatitis - Week 5 Flashcards

1
Q

How is Hepatitis A spread?

A

Faecal-oral route

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2
Q

What causes Hepatitis A?

A

Poor hygiene/overcrowding

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3
Q

Hepatitis A is particularly common in…

A

Gay men/PWIDs

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4
Q

What is the clinical significance of Hepatitis A?

A

Acute hepatitis, not chronic

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5
Q

Peak incidence of symptomatic hepatitis A occurs in…

A

Older children/young adults

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6
Q

How is Hepatitis A prevented?

A

Prophylaxis vaccine

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7
Q

How is Hepatitis A confirmed?

A

Viral serology by lab

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8
Q

How is Hepatitis E transmitted?

A

Faecal-oral transmission

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9
Q

What is the clinical significance of Hepatitis E?

A

Acute hepatitis, not chronic (unless heavily immunosuppressed)

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10
Q

Explain how Hepatitis D is unique.

A

Only found with Hepatitis B virus

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11
Q

How may Hepatitis B be spread?

A

Sex
Blood
Mother to Child

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12
Q

Which groups of people are at risk of Hepatitis B?

A

People born in areas of intermediate / high prevalence
Multiple sexual partners
People who inject drugs
Children of infected mothers

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13
Q

How is Hepatitis B prevented?

A

Vaccination, safe blood, safe sex, needle exchange, prevention of needlesticks, screening of pregnant women

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14
Q

How is Hepatitis C spread?

A

Sex
Blood
Mother to Child

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15
Q

Which types of Hepatitis have vaccines?

A

A & B

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16
Q

What counts as ‘chronic infection’?

A

Six months of infection

17
Q

What happens once a person contracts Hepatitis B?

A

Not uncommon for it to resolve itself

18
Q

What happens once a person contracts Hepatitis C?

A

Very unlikely for it to resolve - will progress

19
Q

What is the approximate time from infection to cirrhosis?

A

Over 20 years

20
Q

What is the approximate time from infection to hepatocellular carcinoma?

A

Over 30 years

21
Q

In which circumstances does the progression of hepatitis B differ?

A

If infected as a child, progression same as Hep C (unlikely to resolve)

22
Q

How is Hepatitis C confirmed?

A

Tested for antibody then PCR on viral DNA

23
Q

What is the management of acute viral hepatitis?

A

Symptomatic only, notify public health

24
Q

How is chronic viral hepatitis treated?

A

Antivirals, reduced alcohol, vaccination, hepatocellular carcinoma screening

25
Q

Give some side effects of interferon alpha.

A

Minor: flu like symptoms
Major: autoimmune disease, psychosis

26
Q

Which antiviral is commonly given in chronic hepatitis?

A

Interferon alpha

GI (Y1) (79 decks)

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