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GI (Y1) > Pathology of the biliary tree and pancreas - Week 6 > Flashcards

Pathology of the biliary tree and pancreas - Week 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What is meant by Cholelithiasis?

A

Gallstones

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2
Q

Removal of gallstones is called…

A

cholecystectomy

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3
Q

Gallstones form when…

A

there is an imbalance between the ratio of cholesterol to bile salts disrupting micelle formation

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4
Q

Give factors which increase the risk of gallstones.

A

female, obesity, diabetes, genetic

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5
Q

Pigment stones occur in excess of…

A

Haem

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6
Q

Pigment stones arise as a result of…

A

excess haemolysis, i.e haemolytic anaemias

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7
Q

What are the 2 kinds of gallstones?

A

Cholesterol and pigment

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8
Q

Most gallstones are…

A

mixed

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9
Q

Give some complications of gallstones.

A 
Acute Cholecystitis
Chronic Cholecystitis
Mucocoele
Empyema
Carcinoma
Ascending Cholangitis
Obstructive Jaundice
Gallstone Ileus
Acute Pancreatitis
Chronic Pancreatitis
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10
Q

What is meant by Gallstone ileus?

A

impaction of a stone in the small intestine

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11
Q

What is Cholecystitis?

A

Inflammation of the gallbladder

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12
Q

Cholecystitis is usually associated with…

A

Gallstones

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13
Q

What is the onset of Chronic Cholecystitis?

A

May develop insidiously or after bouts of acute cholecystitis

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14
Q

What is the pathology of Chronic Cholecystitis?

A

Galbladder wall is thickened

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15
Q

Carcinoma of Gallbladder usually locally invades…

A

The liver

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16
Q

What is the prognosis of Carcinoma of Gallbladder like?

A

Poor

17
Q

What is Cholangiocarcinoma?

A

Carcinoma of Bile Ducts

18
Q

What kind of tumour is Cholangiocarcinoma?

A

Adenocarcinoma

19
Q

Cholangiocarcinoma is associated with…

A

Ulcerative Colitis and Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

20
Q

Cholangiocarcinoma presents with…

A

Obstructive jaundice

21
Q

Why is resection of the head of the pancreas particularly complicated?

A

As it is closely related to the duodenum, also involved duodenal resection

22
Q

Acute pancreatitis is characterised by…

A

Sudden onset severe abdominal pain

23
Q

Elevated serum amylase suggests…

A

Acute pancreatitis

24
Q

Which marker should be investigated in suspected acute pancreatitis?

A

Elevated serum amylase

25
Q

Give some causes of acute pancreatitis.

A

Alcohol
Cholelithiasis
Shock
Mumps

26
Q

Mild Acute Pancreatitis may involve…

A

Focal areas of necrosis

27
Q

Moderate Acute Pancreatitis is likely to involve…

A

Intrapancreatic fat necrosis

28
Q

Severe Acute Pancreatitis involves…

A

Complete pancreatic destruction with haemorrhage and fat necrosis

29
Q

Give some complications of acute pancreatitis.

A 
Death
Shock
Pseudocyst formation
Abscess formation
Hypocalcaemia
Hyperglycaemia
30
Q

How is chronic pancreatitis brought on?

A

may develop insidiously or following bouts of acute pancreatitis

31
Q

Give some causes of chronic pancreatitis.

A 
Alcohol
Cholelithiasis
Cystic fibrosis
Hyperparathyroidism
Familial
32
Q

What is the pathology of chronic pancreatitis?

A

Replacement of pancreas by chronic inflammation and scar tissue
Destruction of exocrine acini and islets

33
Q

What kind of tumour is Carcinoma of Pancreas?

A

Adenocarcinoma

34
Q

Ca of the pancreas is associated with…

A

smoking, diabetes, familial pancreatitis

35
Q

Why is carcinoma of the pancreas so difficult to treat?

A

intimately related to other organs

36
Q

Carcinoma of head of pancreas is likely to invade…

A

Duodenum

37
Q

Adenocarcinoma head of pancreas is likely to constrict which structure?

A

common bile duct

38
Q

Carcinoma of tail of pancreas is likely to spread to…

A

The spleen

39
Q

Pancreatic carcinoma metastases are likely to lodge in…

A

The liver

GI (Y1) (79 decks)

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