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GI (Y1) > Pathology of the Liver 1 - Week 6 > Flashcards

Pathology of the Liver 1 - Week 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What is meant by cirrhosis?

A

terminal fibrosis of the liver

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2
Q

Give some causes of acute liver failure.

A

viruses
alcohol
drugs
bile duct obstruction

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3
Q

Acute Liver Failure is usually noticed by…

A

Acute onset of Jaundice

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4
Q

Acetoaminophen Toxicity causes…

A

Acute necrosis and liver failure

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5
Q

What is meant by jaundice?

A

Yellowing of the skin due to bilirubin

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6
Q

What is meant by pre-hepatic jaundice?

A

Too much haem to break down

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7
Q

Give conditions which may cause pre-hepatic jaundice.

A

Anaemia, sickle cell disease

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8
Q

What is meant by hepatic jaundice?

A

Liver cells injured or dead

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9
Q

Give some causes of hepatic jaundice.

A 
Acute liver failure (virus,drugs,alcohol)
Alcoholic hepatitis
Cirrhosis (decompensated)
Bile duct loss (atresia, PBC, PSC)
Pregnancy
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10
Q

What is meant by Post-hepatic Jaundice?

A

Bile cannot escape into the bowel

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11
Q

Give some causes of post-hepatic jaundice.

A

Congenital biliary atresia
Gallstones block CBDuct
Strictures of CBDuct
Tumours (Ca head of pancreas)

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12
Q

Why do cells of the liver become hypoxic and die?

A

bands of fibrosis separating regenerative nodules of hepatocytes blocks off blood supply

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13
Q

List causes of Liver Cirrhosis.

A

Drugs, alcohol, Hepatitis B/C, iron overload, gallstones, autoimmune conditions

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14
Q

Where are the porto-caval anastimoses?

A

Oesophageal varices, caput medusa, haemorrhoids

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15
Q

Give some causes other than cirrhosis of portal hypertension.

A

Sarcoidosis, portal vein thrombosis

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16
Q

Give some clinical features of chronic liver failure.

A

Oedema, ascites, haematemesis, Spider naevi, Gynaecomastia, purpura, coma, death

17
Q

What are the varying degrees of alcoholic liver disease?

A

Fatty liver, Hepatitis, Fibrosis, Cirrhosis

18
Q

What duration of drinking would result in fatty liver disease?

A

2-3 days

19
Q

What duration of drinking would result in alcoholic hepatitis?

A

4-6 weeks

20
Q

What change occurs in the liver in alcoholic fatty loiver?

A

Steatosis

21
Q

Give some features of alcoholic hepatitis.

A

Hepatocyte necrosis
Neutrophils
Mallory Bodies
Pericellular fibrosis

22
Q

Which change occurs in liver fibrosis?

A

Collagen is laid down

23
Q

What is the most common cause of liver cancer?

A

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)

24
Q

What is meant by Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)?

A

Pathologically identical to alcoholic liver disease
Occurs in patients with diabetes,obesity, hyperlipidaemia
Moderate drinkers

25
Q

Why is Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) so worrying?

A

In combination with even a little drink, it progresses fast

GI (Y1) (79 decks)

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