Nephrotic Syndrome

Question 1

What does FSGS stand for?

Answer 1

glomerular syndrome

Question 2

What is S-UPAR important for?

Answer 2

it’s an elevated protein in FSGS

Question 3

What is APOL1? What disease is it associated with?

Answer 3

a lipoprotein that only is present in African Americans- its mutated form is protective for sleeping sickness, but it increases the risk of FSGS and nephrotic syndrome

Question 4

What is HIV nephropathy?

Answer 4

a nephrotic syndrome due to collapsing focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis

Question 5

How is HIV nephropathy treated?

Answer 5

anti-retroviral agents

Question 6

How common is HIV nephropathy? Who is it more common in?

Answer 6

5-10% of all AIDS patients; 80% African American

Question 7

What are the histologic findings of HIV nephropathy?

Answer 7

focal sclerosis
tubular dilation (microcysts)
reticular-endothelial inclusions

Question 8

What is membranous nephropathy?

Answer 8

an immune complex disease from autoantibodies against phospholipase A2, which causes thickened basement membranes with subepithelial deposits and damage to the podocytes

Question 9

Secondary membranous nephropathy is associated with?

Answer 9

Hepatitis B
drugs (gold, mercury)
SLE
cancer (lung, breast, GI tract)

Question 10

What is the tx for secondary membranous nephropathy?

Answer 10

immunosuppression