Bladder & Micturition

Question 1

What are the 3 layers of the bladder wall?

Answer 1

• the outer peritoneum
• a layer consisting of smooth muscle and connective tissue (the detrusor muscle)
• an inner membrane

Question 2

What is the flow of urine in men?

Answer 2

Kidney- ureter- bladder - prostate - urethra - exterior

Question 3

What is the flow of urine in women?

Answer 3

Kidney- ureter- bladder - urethra - exterior

Question 4

How are the bladder necks different in men and women?

Answer 4

in women: bundles slant downwards to urethra in men: bundles form complete ring around the neck

Question 5

The control of micturition is complex and involves both the _____ and _____ nervous systems.

Answer 5

autonomic…. central

Question 6

How does the PNS control the bladder?

Answer 6

it innervates the detrusor muscle; activation results in detrusor muscle contraction and micturition

Question 7

How does the SNS control the bladder?

Answer 7

inhibits detrusor contraction and increases tension in the smooth muscle of the bladder neck and proximal urethra, preventing micturition until parasympathetic stimulation occurs

Question 8

What is the motor/somatic innervation of the bladder?

Answer 8

segments S2-S4

Question 9

What is innervated by motor/somatic segments S2-S4?

Answer 9

bladder, pelvic floor, and urethral sphincter

Question 10

Sensations of bladder fullness or stretch are conveyed through _____ from the spinal cord to the pons.

Answer 10

long neurons

Question 11

Sensations of bladder fullness or stretch are conveyed through long neurons from the spinal cord to _____.

Answer 11

the pons

Question 12

The ventral root carries _____ signals from the spinal cord.

Answer 12

motor

Question 13

The _____ carries motor signals from the spinal cord.

Answer 13

ventral root

Question 14

The _____ carries sensory signals to the spinal cord.

Answer 14

dorsal root

Question 15

The dorsal root carries _____ signals to the spinal cord.

Answer 15

sensory

Question 16

What is the bladder storage phase?

Answer 16

Interrelated neural and neuromuscular responses that allow the bladder to adapt to increasing volume with little change in pressure

Question 17

This is the interrelated neural and neuromuscular responses that allow the bladder to adapt to increasing volume with little change in pressure.

Answer 17

the bladder storage phase

Question 18

Disturbances of the storage function results in?

Answer 18

frequency, urgency and urge incontinence (OAB)

Question 19

In order to void the bladder, the ____ must override the storage activity.

Answer 19

micturition reflex

Question 20

In order to void the bladder, the micturition reflex must override ____.

Answer 20

the storage activity

Question 21

What nerve activity ceases, allowing the external sphincter/pelvic floor to relax, detrusor neurons to be freed, and urine discharge to begin?

Answer 21

Pudendal nerve

Question 22

LO 1. Define the two primary functions of the urinary bladder.

Answer 22

urine storage

Question 23

LO 2. Detail the parsympathetic and sympathetic innervation to the lower urinary tract.

Answer 23

PNS: innervate the detrusor muscle; activation results in detrusor muscle contraction and micturition SNS: inhibits detrusor contraction and increases tension in the smooth muscle of the bladder neck and proximal urethra, preventing micturition until parasympathetic stimulation occurs

Question 24

LO 3. Describe the micturition cycle.

Answer 24

storage phase/filling phase- emptying phase

Question 25

LO 4. Categorize the types of urinary incontinence.

Answer 25

stress urge overflow

Question 26

LO 5. Compare/contrast the causes of incontinence in men and women.

Answer 26

TBD men = ? women = ?

Question 27

LO 6. Discuss the common causes of lower urinary tract obstruction in men.

Answer 27

BPH urethral stricture CA

Question 28

Storage = sympathetic Micturition = parasympathetic

Answer 28

just know this for the exam!

Question 29

Lower urinary tract innervation for sympathetic bladder control is at what level of the spine?

Answer 29

T10-L2