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Exam Revision > Neurology 1 > Flashcards

Neurology 1 Flashcards

1
Q

condition that can cause severe intention tremor

A

MS

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2
Q

what might chorea in the face be a sign of

A

Huntingtons disease

excessive stratum activity due to dopaminergic drugs used to treat parkinsons

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3
Q

myoclonus

A

muscle jerks

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4
Q

dystonia

A

repetitive contractions lead to abnormal posture

  • primary: born with it
  • secondary: caused by pathology e.g. stroke
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5
Q

what is affected in foot drop that leads to abnormal gait

A

weakness in ankle dorsiflexion

- LMN lesion to lower limb

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6
Q

what is a pyramidal gait

A

toe dragging along floor when they walk, upper limbs flexed

- caused by UMN problem

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7
Q

how do people compensate for pyramidal gait

A

swing leg out at the hip

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8
Q

where is the lesion if a patient cannot perform heel to toe test

A

VERMIS of cerebellum

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9
Q

essential tremor

A

autosomal dominant inheritance
symmetrical
not seen at rest

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10
Q

how can dystonia be treated

A

botox / surgery

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11
Q

inheritance of Wilsons disease

A

autosomal recessive

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12
Q

inheritance of muscular dystrophy

A

X linked recessive

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13
Q

inheritance of myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibres

A

mitochondrial

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14
Q

when is a myopathic gait seen

A

proximal muscle weakness

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15
Q

features of juvenille myoclonic epilepsy

A 
early morning seizures
triggered by
- sleep deprivation
- flashing lights
- alcohol
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16
Q

what is focal onset epilepsy associated with

A

hippocampal sclerosis

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17
Q

treatment of focal onset epilepsy

A

carbamazepine

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18
Q

features of absense seizures

A

common in children

starting into space/ subtle eyelid/body movements

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19
Q

tonic seizure

A

stiffening of muscles in back/arms/legs

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20
Q

atonic seizures

A

loss of muscle control causing collapse

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21
Q

clonic seizures

A

rhythmic jerking

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22
Q

myoclonic seizures

A

sudden brief jerks in arms + legs

23
Q

features of grand-mal (tonic-clonic) seizure

A

most dramatic seizure

loss of consciousness, stiffening, shaking, loss of bladder control/tongue biting

24
Q

treatment of primary generalised epilepsy

A

sodium valproate

25
Q

treatment of epilepsy in women of childbearing age

A

lamotrigine

26
Q

ECG change in seizure

A

spike + wave

27
Q

what forms the brainstem

A

midbrain pons medulla

28
Q

what develops from the prosencephalon

A

telencephalon

diencephalon

29
Q

what are the cerebral hemispheres derived from

A

telencephalon

30
Q

what does the diencephalon become

A

thalamus + hypothalamus

31
Q

what does the mesencephalon become

A

midbrain

32
Q

what develops from the rhombencephalon

A

metencephalon

myelencephalon

33
Q

what does the metencephalon become

A

pons + cerebellum

34
Q

what does the myelencephalon become

A

medulla

35
Q

retrograde transport

A

info conducted from presynaptic terminal to the soma

- viruses such as polio, rabies, herpes make use of this to cause infection

36
Q

example of a multipolar neurone

A

LMN

37
Q

example of a unipolar neuone

A

peripheral autonomic neurone

38
Q

resting membrane potential of a neurone

A

-70mv

39
Q

main excitatory neurotransmitter in CNS

A

glutamate

40
Q

main inhibitory neurotransmitter in CNS

A

GABA

41
Q

which channels are opened in a DEPOLARISING response

A

voltage activated sodium channels - influx of sodium. excitatory response

42
Q

which nerve supplies the laryngeal muscles

A

vagus

43
Q

encephalopathy, oculomotor dysfunction, gait ataxia

A

Wernicke’s encephalopathy

44
Q

what causes wernicke’s encephalopathy

A

vitamin B 1 deficiency

45
Q

what is status epilepticus

A

recurrent seizures without recovery of consciousness

46
Q

Tx of status epilepticus

A

phenytoin

47
Q

Tx of prolonged seizure

A

rectal diazepam / IV lorazepam

48
Q

drug used to prevent cerebrum damage after injury

A

mannitol

49
Q

drug used in alcohol withdrawal

A

chlordiazepoxide

50
Q

which renal condition is associated with berry aneurysms

A

autosomal DOMINANT polycystic kidney disease

51
Q

how long do you have to wait to drive a car after 1 seizure

A

6 months

52
Q

how long do you have to wait to drive HGV after 1 seizure

A

5 years

53
Q

how long do you have to wait to drive after > 1 epileptic seizure

A

1year fit free for a car

10 years fit free for HGV

Exam Revision (32 decks)

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