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Exam Revision > Ophthalmology > Flashcards

Ophthalmology Flashcards

1
Q

hypermetropia

A

long sighted

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2
Q

myopia

A

short sighted

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3
Q

presbyopia

A

inability to read things that are up close – happens to everyone with old age

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4
Q

presentation of conjunctivitis

A

red, itchy, inflamed eye, sticky discharge

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5
Q

treatment of conjunctivitis

A

topical chloramphenicol

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6
Q

what should be suspected if conjunctivitis is bilateral + unresponsive to treatment

A

chlamydia

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7
Q

complication of chlamydia conjunctivitis

A

sub tarsal scarring – blindness

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8
Q

who gets bacterial keratitis

A

contact lens wearers

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9
Q

treatment of bacterial keratitis

A

hospital admission + hourly drops

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10
Q

presentation of keratitis

A

hypopyon - inflammatory cells in anterior chamber

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11
Q

presentation of herpes keratitis

A

dendritic ulcer

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12
Q

presentation of viral keratitis

A

bilateral

follows URTI

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13
Q

what is endophthalmitis

A

infection of entire globe
very painful + decreasing vision
very red eye

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14
Q

treatment of endophthalmitis

A

intravitreal antibiotics

- amikacin + vancomycin

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15
Q

ix of bacterial keratitis

A

corneal scrapes

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16
Q

mode of action chloramphenicol

A

inhibits peptidyl transferase enzyme

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17
Q

eye down + out with dilated pupil

A

occulomotor palsy

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18
Q

diplopia when looking down

A

trochlear nerve palsy

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19
Q

patient cannot move eye laterally

A

abducents nerve palsy

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20
Q

what is scleritis

A

inflammation of the sclera that can result in necrosis

- associated with RA + vasculitis

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21
Q

signs of central retinal artery occlusion

A

sudden painless vision loss
RAPD
pale oedematous retina

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22
Q

treatment of central retinal artery occlusion

A

ocular massage if within 24 hours

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23
Q

transient vision loss ‘like a curtain coming down’

A

amaurosis fugax

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24
Q

signs of central retinal vein occlusion

A

retinal haemorrhages
disc swelling
‘cotton wool spots’

25
Q

treatment of central retinal vein occlusion

A

Anti-VEGF

26
Q

symptoms of vitreous haemorrhage

A

loss of vision
floaters
loss of red reflex

27
Q

sudden onset flashes/floaters

A

retinal detachment

28
Q

symptoms of wet age related macular degeneration

A

sudden vision loss

distortion of straight lines

29
Q

symptoms of dry age related macular degeneration

A

gradual loss of vision

missing central vision

30
Q

tx wet age related macular degeneration

A

Anti-VEGF injections

31
Q

what are cataracts

A

clouding of the lens

  • can be congenital
  • can be due to steroids
  • age related
  • diabetes
32
Q

closed angle glaucoma

A

emergency

- painful, red eye, vision loss, halos, N + V

33
Q

treatment closed angle glaucoma

A

pilocarpine

mannitol

34
Q

painful loss of vision young female

A

optic neuritis

35
Q

orbital cellulitis

A

swelling, redness
follows sinus infection
IV antibiotics + admission - sight threatening

36
Q

blepharitis

A

inflamed eyelid

37
Q

what causes a sty

A

staph infection

  • ingrowing lashes
  • ulcers
38
Q

who gets posterior blepharitis

A

patients with acne rosacea

39
Q

tx blepharitis

A

doxycycline

40
Q

autoimmune conditions that cause anterior uveitis

A

UC
ankylosing spondylitis
sarcoidosis

41
Q

tx uveitis

A

topical prenisolone

42
Q

what is episcleritis associated with

A

gout

43
Q

violaceous hue

A

scleritis

44
Q

cherry red spot

A

central retinal artery occlusion

45
Q

tear drop sign on orbital Xray

A

blow out fracture

46
Q

presence of drusin

A

dry age related macular degeneration

47
Q

stony hard eye

A

acute closed angle glaucoma

48
Q

Roth spots

A

infective endocarditis

49
Q

watery, painful, red eye + enlarged lymph notes

A

viral conjunctivitis

50
Q

features of diabetic retinopathy

A 
cotton wool spots
flame haemorrhages 
new vessel growth 
oedema 
exudates
advanced - scar tissue
51
Q

temporal field vision is received by which retina

A

nasal retina

52
Q

which fibres cross at the chiasm

A

nasal

53
Q

blindness in right eye is caused by a lesion in..

A

right optic nerve

54
Q

effect of lesion at the optic chiasm

A

bitemporal hemianopia

55
Q

effect of lesion in temporal lobe

A

superior quadrantanopia

56
Q

effect of lesion in parietal lobe

A

inferior quadrantanopia

57
Q

lesion of right optic tract

A

left homonymous hemianopia

58
Q

lesion anterior to optic chiasm

A

junctional scotoma

59
Q

fixed semi dilated pupil

A

acute closed angle glaucoma

Exam Revision (32 decks)

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