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Exam Revision > Neurology 4 > Flashcards

Neurology 4 Flashcards

1
Q

when is migraine prophylaxis given

A

> 3 attacks a month or very severe attacks

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2
Q

what is topiramate

A

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used in migraine prophylaxis

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3
Q

side effects of topiramate

A

weight loss
parasthesia
impaired concentration

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4
Q

features of cluster headache

A

rapid onset severe unilateral headache around one eye
worse around sleep + seasonal variation
men 30-40

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5
Q

Tx of cluster headache

A

high flow O2
SC sumatriptan
steroids

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6
Q

prophylaxis for cluster headache

A

verapamil

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7
Q

who gets paroxysmal hemicrania

A

elderly women in 50-60s

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8
Q

symptoms of paroxysmal hemicrania

A

severe unilateral headache + unilateral autonomic symptoms- ptosis/watery eye/miosis/odema
very frequent short attacks

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9
Q

Tx of paroxysmal hemicrania

A

Indomethicin

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10
Q

SUNCT

A 
Short lived- 15-20s
Unilateral
Neuralgiaform headache
Conjunctival injections (bloodshot eyes)
Tearing
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11
Q

Tx of SUNCT

A

lamotrigine

gabapentin

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12
Q

Ix of new onset unilateral cranial autonomic features

A

MRI brain

MR angiogram

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13
Q

who gets trigeminal neuralgia

A

women >60

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14
Q

what is trigeminal neuralgia

A

severe unilateral stabbling pain in V2/V3 distribution
lasts 1-90 seconds
triggered by touch

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15
Q

1st line Tx for trigeminal neuralgia

A

carbamazepine

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16
Q

2nd line Tx for trigeminal neuralgia

A

gabapentin
phenytoin
lamotrigine

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17
Q

Tx if anticonvulsants don’t work in trigeminal neuralgia

A

baclofen

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18
Q

bilateral dull diffuse headache

A

tension headache

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19
Q

thunderclap headache- sudden severe headache

A

SAH

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20
Q

what is myasthenia gravis

A

most common disorder of neuromuscular junction

antibodies against post synaptic acetylcholine receptors

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21
Q

antibodies in myasthenia gravis

A

anti AchR antibodies

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22
Q

symptoms of myasthenia gravis

A 
ocular muscles are most affected 
- ptosis 
- diplopia 
weakness of proximal limbs/difficulties swallowing, chewing, respiration 
worse with use/at end of day
23
Q

Tx of myasthenia gravis

A

pyridostigmine

24
Q

most common type of motor neurone disease

A

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

25
Q

symptoms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

A

UMN + LMN signs in one limb that gradually progress to other limbs + the trunk

26
Q

what type of dementia occurs is ALS

A

frontotemporal dementia

27
Q

what is bulbar palsy

A

LOWER motor neurone lesion affecting CN 9-12

  • dysarthria, dysphasia, nasal regurgitation
  • tongue is weak, wasted + fasiculating
28
Q

what is pseudobulbar palsy

A

UPPER motor neurone lesion affecting CN 9-12

  • Increased jaw jerk, patient is emotionally labile
  • tongue is small + spastic
  • most common cause is stroke
29
Q

what is guillian barre

A

inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy

  • autoimmune antibody mediated nerve damage
  • symmetrical limb weakness + parasthesia
30
Q

what triggers guilian barre

A

infection

  • campylobacter
  • EBV
  • CMV
31
Q

what is affected in progressive muscular atrophy

A

LOWER MOTOR NEURONES ONLY

- affects DISTAL muscles more commonly

32
Q

What is affected in primary lateral sclerosis

A

UPPER MOTOR NEURONES ONLY

33
Q

TDP43

A

pathological hallmark in motor neurone disease

34
Q

what is flail arm syndrome

A

atypical presentation of ALS

  • progressive proximal weakness of upper limbs
  • no involvement of lower limb/bulbar
35
Q

pathology of primary lateral sclerosis

A

loss of BETZ cells in motor cortex

36
Q

what is riluzole

A

sodium channel blocker- decreases glutamate release

can slow progress of MND

37
Q

visual defect seen if there is a SOL in the temporal lobe

A

upper quadrantanopia

38
Q

visual defect seen if there is a SOL in the parietal lobe

A

lower quadrantanopia

39
Q

first line investigation for temporal arteritis

A

ESR (will be raised)

40
Q

injury to what nerve causes scapular winging

A

long thoracic nerve

41
Q

roots of long thoracic nerve

A

C5,6,7

42
Q

What nerve supplies web space of 1st + 2nd toe

A

deep perineal nerve

43
Q

what structure does CSF pass through from lateral to third ventricles

A

foramina of monroe

44
Q

what structure does CSF pass through from 3rd to 4th ventricle

A

cerebral aqueduct

45
Q

which nerve might be damaged in middle meningeal artery rupture

A

auriculotemporal nerve

- supplies external ear

46
Q

what will be seen when torch is shone in affected eye with RAPD

A

If a problem with the muscles – constriction in other eye as light is still being sensed but affected eye cannot react
if a problem with the optic nerve – no constriction in either eye as light is not being sensed

47
Q

what vertebral level does the aorta bifurcate at

A

L4

48
Q

at what level does the inferior mesenteric artery lie

A

L3

49
Q

vertebral level of aortic hiatus

A

T12

50
Q

what nerve supplies tensor tympani

A

V3- mandibular division of trigeminal

51
Q

infection with which organism is associated with soft cheese consumption

A

listeria

52
Q

which nucleus in the thalamus is responsible for carrying visual info

A

LATERAL geniculate nucleus

53
Q

which nucleus in the thalamus is responsible for carrying auditory info

A

MEDIAL geniculate nucleus

54
Q

function of median aperture

A

drains CSF into cisterna magna

Exam Revision (32 decks)

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