Gastroenteritis and Food Poisoning Flashcards

1
Q

what is it

A

inflammation of stomach and/or small intestine most commonly due to viruses and bacteria

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2
Q

what is most common cause of food poisoning

A

clampylobacter

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3
Q

what causes outbreaks

A

salmonella and E.coli 0157

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4
Q

what is most common cause of viral diarrhoea in children <3

A

rotavirus

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5
Q

what causes explosive vomiting

A

norovirus

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6
Q

what is incubation times of staph aureus and bacillus cereus

A

short (1-6 hours)

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7
Q

what is incubation times of salmonella, clostridium perfringens

A

medium (12-48 hours)

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8
Q

what is incubation time of clampylobacter and E.coli 0157

A

long (2-14 days)

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9
Q

where do you get clampylobacter from

A

poultry, raw milk, poor food preparation

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10
Q

where do you get salmonella from

A

poultry, raw egg, meat, animal guts

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11
Q

where do you get E coli 0157 from

A

beef, raw milk and water, wide variety

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12
Q

what bacterias are toxin producing (produces toxin on host)

A

staph aureus
clostridium perfringens
bacillus cereus
E.coli 0157

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13
Q

what are symptoms

A
fever 
abdominal pain 
rice water diarrhoea (large vol tends to be SI - cholera)
vomiting 
rectal tenesmus
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14
Q

specific symptoms of E.coli

A

bloody diarrhoea and haemorrhagic colitis

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15
Q

specific symptoms of clampylobacter

A

pain
blood (30%)
fever

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16
Q

specific symptoms of salmonella

A

diarrhoea and vomiting
blood
fever

17
Q

how is it diagnosed

A

salmonella, clampylobacter, shigella = stool culture
giardia, amoeba, parasites = stool microscopy
c. diff, e.coli 0157 = stool toxin
norovirus = stool PCR

18
Q

general treatment for uncomplicated gastroenteritis

A

oral rehydration/IV fluids

19
Q

treatment for giardia

A

metrondiazole

20
Q

treatment for E.coli

A

NO antibiotics

21
Q

treatment for clampylobacter

A

clarithromycin - ONLY if v sick or immunosuppressed

22
Q

treatment for salmonella

A

ciprofloxacin or cefotaxime (only if co-morbidities)

23
Q

treatment of c.diff

A

metrondiazole (oral if non severe)

vancomycin IV +/- metrondiazole (severe)

24
Q

why is it so important no antibiotics given in E.coli

A

haemolytic uraemic syndrome - causes haematuria and renal failure
- primarily associated with stereotypes that produce shiga toxin 2

25
Q

how does HUS present

A

abdominal pain, fever, pallor, petechiae (purple spot), oliguria (low urine ouput), bloody diarrhoea in 90% cases

26
Q

what is results of investigations in HUS

A

High white cells, low platelets, low Hb, red cell fragments, LDH >1.5 x normal