Clinical Jaundice Flashcards
what is it
yellowing of sclera and/or skin due to excess bilirubin
what are vascular causes
cardiac failure
portal vein thrombosis
hepatic ischaemia
what are infectious causes
bacteria - mycoplasma, TB etc
viral - Hep A,B,C,D,E and herpes virus (CMV, EBV, HSV, VZV)
what are neoplasm causes
hepatocellular carcinoma or cholangiocarcinoma
extrahepatic - gastric or pancreatic
what are drug causes
alcohol
paracetamol overdose (acetaminophen poisoning)
TB specific antibiotic
non prescribed meds eg chinese traditional remedies
what are inflammatory causes
non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
autoimmune hepatitis
what are congenital causes
prematurity
gilberts syndrome
haemochromatosis
wilsons disease
what are autoimmune causes
autoimmune hepatitis
PBC (associated with autoantibodies to mitochondria - granulomas and bile duct loss)
PSC (inflammation of intra and extra hepatic bile duct - associated with UC)
what are trauma causes
post-surgery
post ERCP/stent
what are endocrine causes
many congenital causes are metabolic
what are symptoms
yellow skin and eyes
hepatosplenomegaly
ascites
signs of chronic liver disease
what are the signs of chronic liver disease
palmar erythema spider naevi caput medusa clubbing duputrens contracture
how is it diagnosed
LFTs FBC U&Es vital markers ultrasound to exclude obstruction
how is it treated
manage underlying cause
