Wk6- The Skeletal System Flashcards
What are the 5 types of bones?
- Long
- Short
- Flat
- Irregular
- Sesamoid
Class / shape of bones :
Which bone type makes up the arms / legs/ hands / feet?
They support torsional strength
Long bones
Class/ shape of bones:
Which bone type is small- cube like and make up the carpals / tarsals , wrists and ankles ?
Short bones
Class / shape of bones :
Which type of bone is thin and parallel in shape?
Has a large surface area for protection and is found in the skull, scapula, ribs and sternum.
Flat bones
Class / shape of bones :
Which bone type is complex in shape and found in the vertebrae and pelvis?
Irregular bones
Class / shape of bones :
Which bone type is found in the knee/
patella, hands and feet where the tendon overlaps the joint?
Sesamoid bones
Long bone structure
The tubular shaft is called the ?
It is made of very strong ,- bone?
The nerve and blood supply is through a central -
It has a marrow cavity .The bone marrow is - colour?
Diaphysis
Cortical / compact
Central canal
Yellow
Structure long bone
The enlarged, rounded end is called an -?
It is made of - bone
The bone marrow is - in colour
The marrow receives nutrients & oxygen via - blood cells
Epiphysis
Cancellous / spongey bone
Red
Red
Structure of all bones
A spongey bone sand which
- bone layer in between 2 layers of thin, hard - bone
Spongey , compact bone
Bone / osseous tissue: Is a - tissue It has an extra - matrix (E-M) 65% inorganic hydroxy- -5% organic - fibres
Connective tissue
Cellular
Hydroxyapatite
35% , collagen
Bone cells: Bones are a dynamic tissue continually degenerating and re generating Osteo- build bone Osteo- are the mature bone cells Osteo- break down bones O? = functional unit
Bone Adaptation to stress (weightlifting) builds bone ? Electrical activity produced by bone minerals is detected by osteo?
Osteo? migrate to the area of activity and produce new bone.
Osteo blasts Osteo cytes Osteo clasts Osteon Density Osteoblasts Osteoblasts
Loss of bone mineral density:
Loss of BMD due to ageing is -
Bones grow - and thinner
The osteo- activity decreases while the osteo- activity remains the same
Between -0 and -0 years degeneration begins
Females lose - % / decade
Males lose - % / decade
Loss of bone density beyond functional threshold is called ?
Osteopenia Weaker Osteo blast , osteo clast 30-40 8% 3% Osteoporosis
Cortical/ Compact bone :
Is dense and resists -
Is made of functional , cylindrical units called-
A - canal carries blood and nerve supply
Runs along the same / p? axis of the bone
Stresses
Osteons
Central
Parallel axis
Cancellous bone: Resists - directional forces Is NOT made of osteons but beams of bones called - It has a central canal - true / false Receives nutrients from bone -
Multidirectional
Trabeculae
False
Marrow
The Axial skeleton: Consists of -0 bones Includes the; skull H? auditory - - column - cage
80 bones Hyoid Auditory ossicles Vertebral Thoracic cage
