Wk 9- Adaptive Immune System

Question 1

The Adaptive immune system is:

The - line of defence
Is s? in action, not localised
Has a - and reacts forcefully against a - infection

Answer 1

3rd
Systemic
Memory, 2nd

Question 2

Adaptive immunity and Antigens:

Foreign cells have - on their surface.
These - are recognised by cells of the adaptive immune system = - induce an adaptive immune response > the production of anti?
Our bodies possess their own self anti- (A,B,Rh)
Most antigens are p? or polysaccharides.

Answer 2

Antigens 
Antigens 
Antigens , antibodies 
Antigens 
proteins

Question 3

Divisions of the adaptive immunity:

A.I can be divided into 2 groups

1. Cell Me? immunity and
2. H? immunity (fluid)

Answer 3

Cell mediated

Humoral

Question 4

Divisions A.I

1. Cell mediated
   Immune function performed by activated ?
   Destroys intracellular pa? cancerous cells and fo? cells.

Answer 4

Cells

Pathogens foreign

Question 5

Divisions A.I

2. Humoral immunity
   Antibody mediated immunity = i? function performed by -
   Removes extra cellular pa?

Answer 5

Immune
Antibodies
Pathogens

Question 6

Lymphocytes:

Humans carry around 1? weighing 1 --
What are the 3 classes of lymphocytes?
1. -- cells 
2. - cells:  3 types=  cytotoxic (CD8) and helper ?cells (CD4) memory (thymus) 
3. - cells (bone marrow)

Answer 6

Trillion, kg

1. NK , natural killer
2. T cells
3. B cells

Question 7

T and B cell receptors:

Each individual T or B cells produces receptors for only - antigen
T cells have additional receptors which are proteins. C?? C??
B = 1 antigen
T = 1 antigen ,2 proteins

Answer 7

1

CD4 , CD8

Question 8

Our cells display their own self antigens.
Human self antigens = MHC molecules
What does MHC stand for?
Major his? Com?

MHC can be divided into class 1 and class 2

Answer 8

Major historycompatability complex

Question 9

MHC classes: 1 endogenous antigens

Class 1
N? cells
Incorporate foreign anti? after infection
Labels cell as infected to cytotoxic ? cell (CD?)

Answer 9

Nucleated
Antigen
T, CD8

Question 10

MHC classes: 2 exogenous antigens

Class 2
Displayed by antigen p- cells (APC)
Engulf and break down pathogenic antigen (Mac? Den? cells and ? Cells)
Present antigen MHC complex to Helper ? cells (CD?)

Answer 10

Presenting
Macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells
T, CD4

Question 11

Memory T cells:

Produced during ? cell activation~ cloned
Remain in l? tissue
Very fast reaction to second exposure of infection/ a?

Answer 11

T cell
Lymphatic
Antigens

Question 12

B cell activation:

Antigen binding 
Activation via ? T cells 
Division and differentiation 
Produce ~
1. Pl? cells (antibodies) 
2. M? cells

Answer 12

Helper
Plasma Cells
Memory cells

Question 13

B cell activation:

1. Plasma cells
   Secrete antibodies 2000/second/cell
   Short lifespan last 4-? Days
   Peak plasma antibody concentration at -0 days
2. Memory B cells
   Remember ? for fast future activation

Answer 13

4-5
10
Antigens

Question 14

Antibodies:

Immunoglobulins (Igs)
Y shaped
Target extra cellular pathogens and t?
5 mechanisms
Agglutination ~ antibodies clump antigens together to enhance pha?
Opsonisation~ immunoglobulin coats anti? and binds phagocytes enhancing pha?
Neutralisation~ antibodies bind pathogenic components of t? and block toxic effects
Complement activation~ antibodies activate complement pr? leading to cell lysis
Inflammation ~ immunoglobulin binds ma? cells and basophils triggers release of ? response

Answer 14

Toxins 
Phagocytosis 
Antigens , phagocytosis 
Toxins 
Proteins 
Mast cells 
Inflammatory