Wk 10- The Renal System

Question 1

What are the 4 pain organs/ tissues of the renal system?

1. K? x2 = active renal organs
2. Ur? x2 = urine > bladder
3. B? = ? storage
4. U? = ? disposal

Answer 1

1. Kidneys
2. Ureter
3. Bladder
4. Urethra

Question 2

The kidneys:

Main functions ~
Removal of w? 
R? of fluids / e? 
Regulation ?h
Maintain blood ? 
Control erythropoiesis ( ? blood cells)

Answer 2

Waste 
Regulation , electrolytes 
Ph
Pressure 
Red

Question 3

The kidneys:

10-12 cm long
Renal cortex = o? region kidneys , contains n?
Renal medulla= inside kidneys, renal py? separated by renal c?

Answer 3

Outside , nephrons

Pyramids, columns

Question 4

Kidneys:

Kidneys remove w? and regulate composition of b?
1200 ml blood /?
Represents 20-2?% cardiac output
Path of blood in the kidney = A? artery in , E? artery out for filtration

Answer 4

Waste, blood
Minute
25%
Afferent in, efferent out

Question 5

The nephron:

F? unit of the kidney
Renal corpuscle =
Glomerulus (ca? network)
Glomerular capsule (Bo? capsule)

Renal tubule =
Tubes conveying fil?

Answer 5

Functional
Capillary network
Bowman’s capsule
Filtrate

Question 6

The nephron:

Each kidney has ?.25 million Nephrons
Cortical nephrons = 80-??% of all nephrons
Short nephron loops (loops of h?)
Juxtamedullary nephrons = extend into the m? , long nephron loops

Answer 6

1
85%
Henle
Medulla

Question 7

Nephrons:

Contain capillary network of the gl? The capillaries are covered by Po? and Ped? cells
Re? and secretion take place across t? walls

Answer 7

Glomerulus , podocyte , pedicel

Reabsorption , tubular

Question 8

The Nephrons:

What are the 3 nephron functions?

1. Glo? filtration = w? and solutes in plasma cross filter surface
2. T? re? = ??% water and useful solutes return to b? via peri tubular capillaries and vasa recta
3. T? secretion = secretion of wastes, t? and ions from peri tubular capillaries

Answer 8

1. Glomerular filtration
2. Tubular reabsorption ,99% , blood
3. Tubular secretion , toxins

Question 9

Filtration:

Filtration occurs in the renal Cor? across the filtration membrane
Fenestrated ca? = very l?
Pedicels of p? required to prevent larger sol? leaving the blood

Answer 9

Corpuscle
Capillaries
Leaky
Podocyte , solutes

Question 10

Filtration:

Fluid filtered / day 
Males = 1?0 l/ day 
Females = 1?0 l/ day 
9?% reabsorbed into bloodstream 
1-? L urine/ day

Answer 10

180
150
99%
2

Question 11

Regulation of filtration rate

Glomerular filtration rate (—) = amount of filtrate produced by the kidneys every ?
Maintained at 12? ml/min
Kidneys regulate the vascular tone of the Afferent and efferent art? to maintain correct filtration pressure

Answer 11

GFR
Minute
125
Arterioles

Question 12

Tubular reabsorption and secretion :

Tubular reabsorption returns 9?% of w? and filtered sol? back to the bloodstream.
Reabsorption can be passive or a? >= A?P
Concentration ? allow diffusion of solutes
Os? gradients allow diffusion of water molecules
Solutes too big are secreted out of blood

Answer 12

99% 
Water, solutes 
Active , ATP 
Gradients 
Osmotic

Question 13

Renal tubules

There are ? Renal tubules
They are
Proximal convoluted tubule = epithelial cells with micro villi. Most ab? done here.
Nephron loop / loop Henle = divided into descending and a? limbs
Distal convoluted tubule = cells lack micro villi

Answer 13

3
Absorption
Ascending

Question 14

Proximal convoluted tubule

6? % water, N-+ , K+ reabsorbed
100% of gl? and a? a?

Answer 14

65, Na+

Glucose , amino acids

Question 15

Nephron loop/ loop Henle

Tube loops down into m?
20% water reabsorbed
Descending limb = ?
Ascending limb = mostly solutes –+ ? and Cl-

Answer 15

Medulla
Water
Na+

Question 16

Distal convoluted tubule
Most remaining water absorbed via osmosis
Reabsorption of –+? And C? and C-+?
ADH? and aldosterone released to combat de?

Collecting duct = final tube that can adjust u? volume and co?
Reabsorbed the remaining water and solutes.

Answer 16

Na+ Cl- Ca+
Anti diuretic hormone
Urine, composition

Question 17

Urine:

Urine is produced to maintain h?
Waste products are removed whilst useful materials are re?
3 main organic waste products removed =
1. Urea= breakdown of a? a?
2. Cr? = produced during cr? phosphate
3. U? Acid = produced during nitro? base recycling

Answer 17

Homeostasis 
Reabsorbed 
Amino acids 
Creatine 
Uric , nitrogenous