Wk 2- Molecules

Question 1

Molecules of life must contain =?

Organic compounds can be ;
?
?
?
All containing ?

Answer 1

Carbon
Liquid
Solids
Gases
Carbon

Question 2

Carbon:

Is the chief component of ? structures. It is the atomic skeleton/ foundation of ? compounds. Carbon can bind up to 4 atoms= can create may different compounds.

Answer 2

Organic, organic

Question 3

Polymerisation:

Monomers (links) = single ?
Polymers (chains)= many ?

Individual / identical monomers join together= straight ? chain

Answer 3

Molecules, molecules , polymer

Question 4

What are the 4 main compounds?

1. C?
2. L?
3. P?
4. N? Acids

Answer 4

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acid

Question 5

Carbohydrates = CHO

Includes sugars, glycogen, starch and cellulose.
Major source of energy in ? production.
3 main groups are;
1. - saccharides (simple)
2. - saccharides (simple)
3. - saccharides (complex)

Answer 5

ATP
Mono
Di
Poly

Question 6

Monosaccharides: simple sugars

What are the simple sugars in ;
Blood ? 
Fruit ?
Milk?
DNA?
RNA?

Answer 6

Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
Deoxyribose 
Ribose

Question 7

Disaccharides = glucose + simple sugars

Glucose + fructose = ? (Table sugar )
Glucose + galactose= ? (Milk)
Glucose + glucose= ? (Malt sugar)

Answer 7

Sucrose
Lactose
Maltose

Question 8

Polysaccharides= complex carbohydrates

G? = increase storage of CHO in humans
S?= fuel source found in plants, increase energy supply in humans 
C?= plant cell wall not easily digested

Answer 8

Glycogen
Starch
Cellulose

Question 9

Lipids: CHO

Fats, oils, waxes and sterols
Lipids are a major structural component in cells.
Lipids in? , protect and c? organs.
The main lipid = Tri?

Answer 9

Insulate, cushion

Triglyceride

Question 10

Triglycerides:

Triglycerides = ? Fatty acids + glycerol 
Structure is in the form of a ?
Saturated fats = ?
Unsaturated fats = ?
Mono unsaturated fats = ? Double bond ? 
poly unsaturated fats= ? Double bond ? 
^ bonds= ^ bends in the ?

Answer 10

3
Chain
Solid
Liquid
1, chain
2, chain 
Chain

Question 11

Proteins: CHON

The most important and abundant component in the human body.
Protein monomers = ? Acids
? Acids + covalent bonds= p? Bond

Answer 11

Amino acids

Amino, peptide

Question 12

Protein structure: CHON
What are the 5 Amino acid components? 
1. Central ? Atom 
2. H? Atom
3. A? group
4. Carboxylic ? Group
5. Variable group (?) 
Peptide chains form from d? s? (Hy?)

Answer 12

Carbon
Hydrogen 
Amino group
Acid 
R
Dehydration synthesis, hydrolysis

Question 13

Protein structural levels:

(Alphabet) P? = ? Acid
(Word) S? = ? Acid + h? Bonds
(Sentence) Tertiary= interactions of R group shape protein into a 3D form
(Paragraph) Q?= 2/more peptide chains into functional p?

Answer 13

Primary , amino
Secondary , amino , hydrogen
Quaternary , proteins

Question 14

Nucleic acids:
DNA = ?
Genetic material in double strands

RNA= ?
Copies DNA protein synthesis
Polypeptide chains create new single strand

Answer 14

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Ribonucleic acid

Question 15

Nucleic acid structure: nucleotide monomers

What are the 3 components of DNA?
1. Sugar (?/?)
2. Phosphate 
3. N? Base = A? T? G? C? 
U?= RNA

Answer 15

Deoxyribose / ribose
Nitrogenous base - adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine
Uracil

Question 16

Nitrogenous base pairs:

A + ?
G + ?
The nitrogenous base pairs create the steps in the double helix structure of DNA

Answer 16

Thymine

Cytosine

Question 17

Adenosine triphosphate = ?

Main energy source and principle in cellular energy.
Adenosine + 3 phosphate groups
Hy? liberates energy

Answer 17

ATP , hydrolysis

Question 18

Release of ATP:

Full battery / form energy = ? Adenosine triphosphate
Dead battery / release energy = ? ( loss of 1 ?)

Answer 18

ATP

ADP, adenosine Di phosphate , phosphate