7-10 chapters Flashcards by Shannon Gjerde

Who is the key individual in health care setting?

Patient

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What is radtech responsibility?

interact with patient
establish and maintain an atmosphere of caring/empathy for the patient
treat patient as a guest

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The basic curriculum is outlined nationally by the:

American Society of Radiologic Technologists (ASRT)

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It is mandated in the state of MS by the:

Research and Curriculum Unit (RCU) at MS State

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Clinical Competency Eval:

standard used for evulation of the student’s work performance within clinical setting

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What 3 things are evulated in clinical setting?

cognitive
affective
psychomotor

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What is Cognitive learning?

intellectual process by which knowledge is gained through various methods
“books”

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What is Affective learning?

relating to a person’s feelings/emotions

“how to act”

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What is Psychomotor learning?

muscular action or practical execution of previously learned material
“hands-on application”

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In clinicals, student participates in?

observing (passive participation)
minimal assistance
competent (independent clinical performance)

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What is passive participation?

It’s the “observing” stage

1st step before learning procedures

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what is minimal assistance?

it’s performing tasks under direct supervision of an RT

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what is the independent clinical performance stage?

It’s the last stage, also called “competent” and it’s the indirect supervision by an RT after the student demonstrates competence, defined by the JRTC

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Each person registered by the ARRT must obtain ___ continuing education credits or pass an exam on an additional discipline every 2 years

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What is Bi-enium?

24 continuing education credits

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what kind of info is necessary to legally identify a radiographic film?

right or left marker, date, id number

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what other info my be required or useful for the film?

time of day

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where can you obtain specific and accurate info about the content of the curriculum used in approved programs in radiologic technology?

American Society of Radiologic Tech

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understanding the process of radiographic image production and the specific equipment used in the processes is generally taught in which section of the curriculum?

imaging equipment

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to help student radiological technologists understand how to work with sick and injured patients of all ages and sizes, regardless of ethnic or cultural background, the student will study info presented in the following course work:

methods of patient care

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pathology is the study of

abnormal structure and/or function of the various anatomic structures of the body

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written and spoken language of medicine is taught in the following:

medical terminology

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which of the following areas of study is included in “quality assurance”

quality assurance procedures and regulations

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the three most important specific aspects in evaluating a student’s clinical performance are:

cognitive, affective, and psychomotor levels

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passive participation occurs when the student is

taking notes about the performance and execution of the work as it is done by the practicing radiologic tech

interaction with the patient and with coworkers includes

listening, understanding and responding appropriately to information exchanges with the patient and with coworkers

classroom lectures and demonstrations of theories and facts relating to a specific boy of knowledge can usually be considered

cognitive learning

most medical terms have their origin in what languages?

Greek/Latin

CXR R/O COPD, HX MI is an example of the use of:

medical abbreviations that the rt must know

RT(R) stands for:

registered technologist in radiography

a procedure that has been ordered STAT should be performed:

immediately

a cassette containing an imaging plate would be used in which of the following?

an organization to which radiologic techs may belong is which of the following?

ASRT

a CXR would be likely be performed for which of the following?

URI

b/c some imaging modalities do not use film, what term is preferred when referring to the destination of the image?

Image receptor

electricity moves through the xray tube as a function of:

kVp and mAs

the visual radiographic image is comprised of which of the following?

density and contrast

AIDS

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

barium enema

BID

twice daily

blood pressure

--- | C

with

cancer

CAD

coronary atery disease

CBC

complete blood count

cubic centimeter

CHF

congestive heart failure

CNS

central nervous system

CPR

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

central supply

CSF

cerebrospinal fluid

computed tomography (cat scan)

CVA

cerebrovascular accidient (stroke)

CXR

chest xray

diagnosis

ECG, EKG

elecgrocardogram

hiatel hernia

H/O

history of

history

I/O

intake and output

intramuscular

KUB

kidneys, ureter, bladder

lat

lateral

LMP

last menst. period

met

metastases

mycardial infarction (heart attack)

MRI, MR

magnetic resonance imaging

noc

night

npo

nothing per orum (nothing by mouth)

outpatient

OTC

over the counter

p/o

postoperative

post-OP

after surgery

prn

as needed

QID

4x daily

R/O

rule out

ROM

range of motion

treatment or prescription

---- | S

without

SOB

shortness of breath

S/P

status post

symptoms

TID

3x daily

TKO

to keep open (IV line)

TPR

temp, pulse and respiration

treatment

urinalsysis

y/o

years old

FUO

fever of unknown origin

ACERT

Assoc. of Collegiate Educators in RT

ACR

American College of Radiology

AHA

American Hosp. Assoc.

Primary items needed for the production of xrays:

1. source of electrons 2. means to accelerate the electrons 3. way to bring the electrons to a sudden stop

xray tube

an evacuate glass bulb with + (anode) and - (cathode) electrodes

Anode

electrode toward which - charged ions migrate

cathode

filament that gives off electrons when heated (burns it off)

what is the primary by-product of the energy conversion int he xray tube?

heat, 99%

what % of xrays is produced/

xrays leave o r exit the tube housing through a device consisting of open lead shutters called

collimator

images generated by a computer where a numerical value is assigned to a color or shade of gray

digital imaging

what is density/

blackness of image

what is contrast

the shades of gray

a sheet of plastic embedded with phosphors

intensifying screen

approx ___% o f the image on the film is made by light from teh intensifying screens, only ___% of the image is made directly by the xrays

95, 5

sheet of polyester plastic, coated with a thin layer of gelatin and silver compounds

xray film

procedure using xrays to image inner parts of the body in movement and motion

fluoroscopy

device that electronically improves and enhances radiographyic images and transmits them to a tv monitor

Image intensifier, II

units provide cross-sectional views of the body

CT, cat scan

units allow cross-sectional views of the body to be made w/o the use of ionizing radiation; they use magnetic fields and radiowave transmission

MRI

introduces radioactive materials into the body to produce images of major organs

NM nuclear medicine

uses a combo of CT and NM to image the physiology or function of an organ or system in the body

PET positition emission tomography

units operate from conventional electrical circuits or battery power

mobile readiography, portable

can also be utilized to do exams outside radiology dep't

Carm, mobie fluoroscopy

technique used to obtain radiographs of a section or slice of a body part, does not use a computer and in essence blurs the material above and below the area of interest

tomography

uses high frequency sound waves to obtain sectional images of the body

sonography/ultrasound

brings digital imaging together with hospital and radiology info systems allowign for total management of patient's case

PACS, picture archiving and communication systems

what does not use radiation/

ultrasound and MRI

what are two main parts of xray tube?

anode and cathode

conversion of the energey that produces xrays is a result of the ____ striking the ____

electrons, anode

most of image produced on radiographic film comes from

light from intensifying screens

substances that emit visible light when struck by radiation are

phosphors

radioactive materials are used in which of th eofllowing imaging modalities

nuclear medicine

imaging equipment that allows for manipulation fo the image after exposure is:

ASK on this! It's Image Intensifier OR Digitial Imaging

2 important components of Radiographic exams

1. patient prep | 2. contrast media

removing patient's clothing/jewelry before

External prep

most common mistake

failure to remove necklace before doing chest exam

using enemas to cleanse the abdomen to internal structures can be viewed

internal prep

solutions or gases introduced into the body to provide contrast

contrast media

3 general types of contrast media

1. iodine based, high atomic # 2. barium based 3. air

which contrasts doesn't allow xrays to pass through

iodine

Can barium be absorbed by the body?

No, it is inert

which media is easily penetrated by xrays?

air

What is something that is not supposed to be on an image?

artifact

What exam xrays the skull and headwork?

Overhead

What exam xrays the thoracic cavity?

chest

What exam xrays the extremities?

Limbs

- performed on region above neck - requires mutiple views, some are difficult - to evaluate possible fractures, foreign bodies or abnormalties - increasingly done by CT and panoramic tomogrpahy instead of xray

Overhead/Skull and Headwork

- includes bones and tissues of chest region - most commonly radiographed region - performed to evaluate fluid in the lungs, collapsed lungs, tumors, heart, issues

Chest/thoracic cavity

- generally divided into the upper/lower extremeties, including shoulders and pelvic regions - requires at least 2 views taken at right angles - to evaluate fractures, dislocations, arthritis, osteoporosis, and tumors

Limbs/Extremeties

- studies of the spinal column - scoliosis eval and bone age determination - spinal injury patients to be handled carefully - performed for trauma, arthritis, abnormal curvatures, muscles spasms, slipped vertebrae

Spine

- many patients are quite ill and in pain | - used to determine the presence of foreign masses, calcification, distribution of air in intestines, etc

Abdomen

radiographic studies of the urinary system that includes the use of iodinated contrast; also called IVP

Excretory urography

What exams require a radiologist or radiologist assistant to perform and monitor the exam?

fluoroscopic exams

Fluoroscopic exams include:

Esophagram UGI Small Bowel Follow Through Barium enema

Can fluroscopic exams also be done with air?

yes

study of urinary bladder where the bladder is filled with contrast media

cystogram

similiar to cystogram but the patient voids while being radiographed

Voiding Cystourethrogram

contrast media is injected into the common bile duct to diagnose abormalities of the biliary system or pancreas

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)

Arteriogram/Angiogram

visualizes arteries of particular part of the body - iodine based - rapid sequencing - allows for viewing of blood flow

- evulates structures in/around a joint space - knees/shoulder most common areas - normally double contrast

arthrogram

-evulates structure of fallopian tubes/uterus

HSG | hysterosalpingogram

- use of sonic shockwaves to break up or destroy stones in kidney/uerter - normally runs fluoro for physician

Lithotripsy

- exam of the subarachnoid space of spinal cord | - done with CT

Myelogram

-radiography study of salivary glands

Sialogram

-study of veins in particular area of body, like legs

Venogram

Which contrast agent is used in chest xray/

air

portions of circulatory system may be imaged during a procedure called

arteriogram

The IVP images the:

urinary system

arthrograms are performed to visualize which areas?

joints

7-10 chapters Flashcards

(159 cards)