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PSYC 223 > 7: early adulthood > Flashcards

7: early adulthood Flashcards

(86 cards)

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1
Q

what is Senescence or Primary aging

A

The natural physical decline brought
on by aging.

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2
Q

what is secondary aging

A

Physical decline as a result of
behavioural choices, environmental
factors and disease

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3
Q

what is Health-adjusted life expectancy

A

Number of years that a newborn can
expect to live at full health, given the
morbidity and mortality conditions

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4
Q

what are social determinants

A

Life expectancy increases with income, education level and occupational status.

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5
Q

physical changes also include

A

maximum psychomotor abilities ( muscular action based directly on a mental process.)

heightened auditory acuity

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6
Q

where is synaptogenesis and pruning focused on in the brain

A

frontal lobes

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7
Q

brain and nervous system strengthens response inhibition, what is that

A

the skill of suppressing a prepotent or impulsive response.

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8
Q

in early adulthood, what developments do the PFC begin to go through

A

proper integration and regulation of function from other regions

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9
Q

what developments do the heart and lungs undergo

A

1) peak cardiovascular capacity in initial years

2) maximum oxygen uptake declines with age after 35yrs

3) blood vessels loose elasticity and face calcification

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10
Q

what development do reproductive capacities undergo in early adulthood

A

1) Fertility begins drop after 30 years in both sexes.
- men reproductive capacity drops slower

2) higher chances of miscarriage/sporadic ovulation

3) increasing risk of genetic abnormalities

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11
Q

what do B cells of bone marrow do

A

fight external threats

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12
Q

what does the thymus do

A

T cells fight internal threats

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13
Q

with aging, thymus gland ___

A

deteriorates with functioning due to weaker antibodies

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14
Q

with age does the body get more susceptible to disease

A

yes

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15
Q

define disability

A

A condition that substantially
limits a major life activity.

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16
Q

what is the daily minimum of exercise recommended by the CDC and what are the benefits

A

150 mins of moderate- intense exercise

  • better cardiovascular functions
  • increased muscle, ligament, and bone fluidity
  • reduced osteoporosis risk
  • optimal immune system
  • aids in stress relief
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17
Q

what do early adult nutrition diet need to be comprised of

A

complex carbs, fibers, healthy fatty acids, proteins, micronutrients

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18
Q

what is the locus of control

A

Individual’s set of beliefs about the causes of events

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19
Q

what is internal locus of control

A

Believe that they have the
control over their own lives

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20
Q

what is external locus of control

A

Believe that they their lives are
governed by uncontrollable forces

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21
Q

what is the continuum of optimism to pessimism

A

An optimistic outlook on life has been linked to better health, enhancing effect on medications, and positive effects on immune system.

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22
Q

higher self efficacy is likely to lead people to (follow/reject) health advice

A

follow

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23
Q

what is Psychoneuroimmunology

A

study of relationship among the brain, immune system, and psychological factors

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24
Q

what is stress

A

The physical and emotional response to events that
threaten or challenge us.

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25
what are the two stages of processing stress
1) primary appraisal Individual’s assessment of the stressful event and it’s outcome 2) secondary appraisal Individual’s assessment of their capabilities to cope with the stressor
26
define coping
The effort to control, reduce or learn to tolerate the threats that lead to stress.
27
what is problem focused coping
Remedying the problematic situation directly
28
what is emotion focused coping
Regulating the reactions to the stressful event.
29
what is defensive coping
Unconscious strategies that distort the true nature of the situation.
30
what are personality disorders
Inflexible pattern of behaviour that leads to difficulty in educational, occupational and social functioning
31
what are the list of anxiety disorders
1) generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) 2) OCD 3) phobias
32
what are most frequent mood disorders
depression--> relies on lonliness and social failure feelings
33
define antisocial behavior
difficulty forming emotional attachments - lack empathy - little rgard to others - self centeredness
34
define paranoia
suspiciousness of others behaviors and motives emotionally guard and high sensitivity to social violations
35
define histrionic
irrational attention seeking behavior
36
define narcissistic
exaggerated sense of self importance, craving of attention, exploits other, lack of empathy
37
define borderline personality disorder
unstable moods and relationships fear of abandonment tendency for self injury impulsive and reckless
38
what is post formal thought
Thinking that acknowledges that adult predicaments must sometimes be solved in relativistic terms
39
define Gisela Labouvie-Vief idea of POST FORMAL THINKING
Thinking during adulthood is based on multiple criteria including logic, morality, comparison an values.
40
define william perry's Dualistic thinking
Thought that goes beyond the right and wrong. - Possible with the ability to examine multiple perspectives.
41
what is william perry's realistic thinking
Take into account the socio-cultural context
42
what is King and Kitchner (2004 post formal thinking
Reflective judgement: Capacity to identify the underlying assumptions of differing perspectives on controversial issues
43
what is fluid intelligence
Intelligence resulting from mental processing of logic, thought and reasoning independent from experience
44
what is Crystallized intelligence
Knowledge and judgement acquired through experience and education
45
what is contextual part of the Triarchic theory of intelligence
problem solving occurring in every day environments
46
what is componential part of the Triarchic theory of intelligence
problem solving using mental abilities
47
what is componential part of the Triarchic theory of intelligence
problem solving with prior knowledge
48
what is Practical intelligence
Intelligence that is learned by primarily observing others and modelling their behaviour
49
what is Emotional intelligence
The set of skills that underlie the accurate assessment, evaluation, expression, and regulation of emotions
50
define creativity
The combination of ideas in novel ways
51
when does creativity seem to peak
30-40s
52
what causes higher creativity in early adulthood
increased exposure to situations
53
what is cognitive flexibility
the ability to shift between frameworks of thought and action, might under creativity.
54
what is the gender gap with higher education in early adulthood
women tend to attend college more than mend, trend of young adults entering higher education increases
55
what is hostile sexism
Overtly harmful treatment of women
56
what is benevolent sexism
Stereotypical and restrictive treatment of women
57
what is Academic disidentification
A lack of personal identification with an academic domain.
58
what is Stereotype Threat
Obstacles to performance that come from awareness of the stereotypes held by society about academic abilities.
59
what is intrinsic motivation
working for personal well being and enjoyment
60
what are extrinsic motivations
working for tangible rewards like money
61
what is Valliant's longitudal study
showed early adults displayed lesser autonomy when starting work - suggested that career consolidation bridges 2 of Erikson's stages Critics: - studies men, doesnt contain women or liberal views
62
what is Ginsberg's career choice theory
1) fantasy stage where choice is made without considering skill or opportunity 2) tentative periods where people consider a variety of options considering their abilities 3) realistic period where people explore options through experience or training
63
explain Erikson's intimacy VS isolation stage
period that focuses on developing close and intimate relationships with others
64
what if one succeeds intimacy VS isolation stage
deep connections can be forms and can provide support during conflicts
65
what if one fails in intimacy and isolation stage
development of fear of relationships and may stay isolated can lead to social frustration and confusion stage of identity VS role
66
define intimacy
capacity for one to engage in supportive, affectionate relationship without losing sense of self
67
define the labelling theory of passionate love
- cause of intense psychological arousal which can be promoted by negative emotions
68
differentiate between passionate VS companionate love
P: state of powerful absorption in someone C: strong affection for those involved deeply in our lives
69
explain Robert Sternberg's triangular theory
1) intimacy: feelings of closeness/connectedness 2) passionate: related to physiological motivation for closeness 3) decision/commitment: initial cognition that one loves another person and determination to maintain love
70
what is homogamy
tendency to choose a mate with similar traits and demographic characteristics as oneself
71
what is marriage gradient
tendency for men to marry younger women, smaller in size and lower in status
72
explain neurobiology of love
dopamine and oxytocin pathways are involved in emotional attachment
73
define social role theory in mate selection
mate selection is dependent on gender roles based on present day social realities
74
define secure attachment style
readily enter into a relationship and is supportive
75
define avoidant attachment style
attachment style where one is less invested and causes loneliness
76
define ambivalent attachment
attachment style where one is overly invested and can cause insecurity
77
define cohabitation
couples living together without being married occurs when one isn't ready for lifelong commitment but practice living with each other
78
define singlehood and statistics
living without an intimate partner (20% women and 30% men)
79
define hostile engaged couples
have frequent arguments and lack positive reactions
80
define validating couples
partners expressing mutual respect even when in disagreement
81
define avoidant couples
couples that don't try to reach common ground or persuade each other
82
define hostile detached couples
fight regularly and lack affection and support
83
define volatile couples
couples that argue a lot but have more positive interactions
84
explain motherhood earnings gap
a measure of how much earnings of a mother are below those women without children
85
define role specialization
taking up different responsibilities in the care of a household
86
define post-partum depression
depression found in mothers where they suffer fluctuating moods, heightened anxety etc.

PSYC 223 (6 decks)

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