8: Middle adulthood

Question 1

explain physical changes in middle adulthood

Answer 1

decline in muscle strength in back and leg areas
- requires calcium rich diet and regular exercise

Question 2

what is presbyopia

Answer 2

loss of near vison in middle adulthood due to aging

Question 3

glaucoma

Answer 3

condition where pressure is generated in the eye due to excess ocular fluid

Question 4

presbycusis

Answer 4

loss of ability to hear at high frequency sounds

Question 5

osteoporosis

Answer 5

condition where bones become brittle and fragile due to lack of calcium

Question 6

explain reaction time of middle adults

Answer 6

decline in speed of neural transmissions= slower responses

Question 7

explain the middle aged nervous system

Answer 7

synapses is lost and cerebrospinal fluid increases in volume= cognitive decline

before decline= white matter peaks

Question 8

what are benefits of exercise

Answer 8

slows the degenerations of muscle, nervous, and skeletal system.
Maintains blood pressure to prevent risk of heart attacks and stroke from circulatory system
psychological benefits is enhance in mood and reduction of stress

Question 9

what affects does middle age have on male reproduction

Answer 9

reduces testosterone, reduced quality and volume of ejaculate, difficulty reaching erection

Question 10

explain affects of middle age on female reproduction

Answer 10

thin and less elastic vaginal walls
shrinking of vaginal opening
egg quality declines

Question 11

what are female climacterics

Answer 11

transition that marks end of child bearing years

Question 12

menopause

Answer 12

cessation of mensuration
occurs early 40’s= drop in progesterone and estrogen

Question 13

what is male climacterics

Answer 13

change in mans reproductive system in his 50’s
- drop in testosterone
- enlargement of prostate gland and erectile dysfunction= difficulty to urinate

Question 14

physiological effects of stress

Answer 14

• high BP
• decrease immune system functioning
• increase hormone activity
• psychophysiological conditions

Question 15

behavioural effects of stress

Answer 15

• increase use of harmful substances
• low nutrition and sleep

Question 16

indirect related behaviours of stress

Answer 16

• decreased compliance to medical advice
• delays in seeking medical care

Question 17

type A behavior patters that affect cardiovascular disease

Answer 17

High ambition, multitasking and dynamic mood– higher risk to coronary disease

Question 18

type B behavior patters that affect cardiovascular disease

Answer 18

: Low aggression, non-competitiveness

Question 19

type D behavior patters that affect cardiovascular disease

Answer 19

Pessimistic outlook– higher risk to heart disease

Question 20

what is cancer, what are some treatments

Answer 20

Cells of the body don’t stop reproducing, giving rise to harmful tumours.

• radiation therapy
• chemotherapy
• tumour removal surgery

Question 21

selective optimization

Answer 21

Process by which people concentrate
on particular skill area to
compensate for losses in other areas.

Question 22

expertise

Answer 22

Skill or knowledge acquired in a
particular area

Question 23

Episodic memory

Answer 23

Ability to recount personal
experiences in detail
- weaker with age but able to remember with cues

Question 24

semantic memory

Answer 24

General knowledge, word
meanings and factual
information stored

Question 25

memory schemas

Answer 25

Organized mental framework to store in memory.

Question 26

Normative-crisis theories

Answer 26

Approach to development that is based on age-related universal stages.

Question 27

Life events theories

Answer 27

Approach to personality development that is based on particular events rather than age

Question 28

Generativity vs Stagnation Stage

Answer 28

Stage in which people consider their contributions to family and society. - generative adults: offer guidance and encouragement - stagnation: lack of psychological growth; frustration

Question 29

Midlife Crisis or transition

Answer 29

A stage of uncertainty and indecision brought about by the realization that life is finite

Question 30

Empty nest syndrome

Answer 30

Parent’s unhappiness and worries relating to their children moving out of the house

Question 31

Boomerang Children

Answer 31

Young adults who return home to live with middle-aged parents

Question 32

Helicopter Parenting

Answer 32

Intrusively intervening in children’s lives

Question 33

Sandwich generation

Answer 33

Individuals who need to take care of their parents and their children - collectivist culture

Question 34

Cycle of violence hypothesis

Answer 34

Those who faced abuse as children tend to perpetuate that behaviour

Question 35

Burnout

Answer 35

Situation where workers experience dissatisfaction, frustration and weariness from their jobs.

Question 36

what are Effects of termination

Answer 36

- depression and anxiety - feeling unproductive - pessimism/ cynicism