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Geography > 7) UK In The 21st Century > Flashcards

7) UK In The 21st Century Flashcards

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1
Q

Population trends in the U.K. since 2001

A

More elderly
More people
Slight decline in birth rate
Less children

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2
Q

Overall increase in U.K. Population since 2001

A

4 million

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3
Q

Increase in people born outside U.K. Since 2001

A

2.9 million

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4
Q

Number of people over 65 living in U.K.

A

10.4 million

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5
Q

Where is the uk on the DTM?

A

Stage 4

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6
Q

Causes of an ageing population (7)

A 
Decreases death rate 
Longer life expectancy 
Have children later in life 
Improves sanitation 
Better diets 
Medical advances 
Baby boom after WW2
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7
Q

Negative consequences of an ageing population (5)

A 
Strain on NHS
More pensions 
More care homes 
More taxes 
Higher dependency ratio
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8
Q

Positive consequences of an ageing population (4)

A

Childcare
Grey pound
Voluntary work
More experienced people

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9
Q

Spatial distribution of ageing population

A

Mainly on the coast (East Devon)
This means more young families are living from it
More elderly centres shops
Enjoy view and slower pace of life

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10
Q

Responses to an ageing population (6)

A 
More houses built
More taxes
Care homes 
Encourages birth
Raising retirement age
Pensioner bonds to save money for future
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11
Q

How has population and ethnic diversity of Bristol changed?

A

Over double number of black and ethnic minorities
Less older people over 65
Lots more mixed/multiple ethnic groups
More young families

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12
Q

Where is there the highest and lowest population densities?

A

Highest in cities like London

Lowest in Scotland

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13
Q

Most and least rainfall in UK

A

Most in Scotland, least in south east England

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14
Q

Highest and lowest points in UK

A

Highest points along the west side of the country and in Scotland
Lowest along the east, in cities like London

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15
Q

Where is the most water stress in the UK?

A

South east England

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16
Q

Where is there the biggest housing shortages?

A

In the cities along the south east

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17
Q

Land use in the UK

A

Scotland: mainly moorland
Ireland: farmland and moorland
Wales: moorland, farmland, woodland
England: greenbelts, lots of urban areas

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18
Q

Pattern of core uk economic hubs

A

The UK’s economy is getting stronger, exiting recession, spending cuts to reduce debt, decreased unemployment

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19
Q

Changes in employment sectors:

A

Primary: decreasing (cheaper foreign labour)
Secondary: decreasing (recession)
Tertiary: increasing (higher standard of life)

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20
Q

Changing working hours

A

More people working from home or on different contracts, such as the zero hour contract

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21
Q

Contribution of ethnic groups to food in the UK

A

Wider variety of foods
Balti triangle
Decreased popularity of typical foods like fish and chips

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22
Q

UK’s involvement with the Ukraine

A

Part of NATO
Places penalties on Russia
1000 soldiers

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23
Q

what is the biggest user of water?

A

industries`

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24
Q

what is being done to try and counteract water stress (3)

A

transfer water from northwest to south east
construct new reservoirs in south east
encourage water conservation

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25
why do we need more housing in the UK? (3)
immigration increasing population people living longer
26
where are the worst areas for housing shortages
major cities like London
27
what is the purposes of green belts?
to protect the land surrounding big cities to stop them being swallowed by the growth of the city
28
why are greenbelts under threat?
there is no other space to build houses and the demand is high
29
what is happening to the population of the UK? (4) | marriage, age, consists of, size
growing ageing increase in immigrants marriage rates declining
30
what is natural change?
the birth rate - the death rate
31
what is net migration?
difference between immigrants and emigrants
32
what does the DTM show?
the number of people of each gender in each age category
33
where is the UK on the DTM and why?
Stage 4 - birth rate starting to decline low death rate lots of elderly
34
how to calulate the dependency ratio?
(children (0-14) and elderly (65+) / those at working age) x 100
35
name a place in Britain with a high elderly population
East Devon
36
how many people over 65 live in the UK?
10 million
37
what percentage of the UK population is over 65?
16%
38
what's happening to primary sector jobs in the UK?
decreasing
39
what's happening to secondary sector jobs in UK?
decreasing
40
whats happening to tertiary sector jobs in UK?
massively increasing
41
in 2001, what percentage of Bristol was ethnic minorities
12%
42
what happened to the ethnicity of Bristol's population between 2001 and 2012?
all ethnic groups apart from white British increased
43
what is part-time work?
allows workers to fit in family time, study or do other job
44
what is flexi-time work?
allows workers to choose when they start and finish within certain limits
45
what is job-sharing?
two people have the same job, which allows workers to share load of full-time job
46
what is sub-contract?
an outside group or individual can be brought in to do the job
47
what is zero-hours contract?
an arrangement for people to be available for work, but without fixed hours and without pay when there is no work
48
what is tele/home working?
allows workers to spend time away from workplace, working via computer or telephone
49
what is happening to the levels of self-employment?
increasing
50
what happened to the UK economy in 2008 and why?
economy collapses - global recession | massive unemployment
51
what happened to economy in 2009 and why?
the recession ended, economy started to recover
52
what happened to economy in 2010 and why?
debt reduced | coalition of conservatives and liberal democrats cut spending and reduced huge debt
53
role of UN
aims to maintain international peace and security, promote human rights and provide aid after disasters
54
role of NATO
the members of this organisation should defend each other if any one of them is attacked
55
what does NATO stand for
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
56
role of EU
an agreement to allow free movement of people, goods, services and money between members
57
population of Ukraine
45 million
58
which area near Ukraine has close links with Russia?
Crimean peninsula
59
who does East Ukraine have close links with?
Russia
60
who does west Ukraine have close links with?
Europe
61
Through which organisations has the UK been involved?
EU and NATO
62
capital of Ukraine
Kiev
63
why is it difficult to travel between Crimea and Ukraine?
no bus or train links
64
catalyst for Russian-backed forces invading Crimea?
Ukraine's protrusion president being shot
65
what happened in Ukraine in 1991
the Soviet Union broke up
66
number of people killed in Ukraine conflict
5,000
67
peninsula of land stretching from Ukraine?
Crimea
68
What language does Crimea speak?
russian
69
number of soldiers supplied by UK
1,000
70
why do credit cards no longer work in Crimea?
companies have withdrawn, meaning no-one can use credit or debit cards
71
Who's side do we support?
Europe
72
what are the main conflict zones in Ukraine?
east and west
73
three sanctions imposed on Russia by EU
banking, energy and defence
74
two countries that Ukraine is between
Russia and Poland
75
conflict in Ukraine is between
Ukrainian government and pro-russians
76
why is there poor mobile phone signal in Crimea
power blackouts
77
cities involved in the conflict in eastern ukraine
Donetsk and kharkiv
78
lack of what essential
food
79
what year did the conflict start
April 2014
80
why is there conflict in Ukraine
Ukraine was formed when the soviet union split the east side supports russia the west supports Europe in 2014 the protrusion president was killed russian-backed forces took control of Crimea because so many supporters live there russia is supporting the east fighting the west
81
how have other cultures influenced the UK?
through food
82
how have other cultures influenced food in the UK?
people are choosing foreign foods like indian curries over the traditional british foods like fish and chips places selling this type of food are much more common
83
favourite takeaway food in the uk
chicken tikka masala

Geography (30 decks)

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