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6) Dynamic development Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

What is economic development?

A

Progress in economic growth

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2
Q

What is social development?

A

Improvements to people’s standard of living

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3
Q

What is environmental development?

A

Advances in management and protection of the environment

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4
Q

What is GDP?

A

The total value of goods and services a country produces per year

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5
Q

What is GDP per capita?

A

GDP divided by population

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6
Q

what is GNI?

A

Gross National Income- the total value of goods and services produced by a country in a year, including income from overseas

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7
Q

What is GNI per capita?

A

GNI divided by population

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8
Q

What is birth rate?

A

Th number of live babies born per thousand of the population per year

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9
Q

What is the death rate?

A

The number of deaths per thousand per year

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10
Q

What is life expectancy?

A

The average age a person can expect to live to

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11
Q

What is infant mortality rate?

A

The number of deaths of children under 1 per thousand babies born

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12
Q

What is literacy rate?

A

The percentage of adults who can read and write

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13
Q

What is HDI?

A

Human Development Index

A number calculated using life expectancy, education level and income

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14
Q

what is the happy index?

A

Dividing a country’s life expectancy, well being and inequality by its environmental impact

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15
Q

What does lots of wealth, good health and education indicate?

A

A developed country

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16
Q

Characteristics of LIDCs 4

A

Low GNI
Low standard of living
Economy based on primary industry
Low exports

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17
Q

Characteristics of ACs 4

A

High GNI
High standard of living
Economy based on tertiary and quaternary industries
Lots of money to spend on development

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18
Q

Characteristics of EDCs 3

A

Getting richer
Economy moves from primary to secondary industry
Exports and increasing wages mean there is more money to spend on development

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19
Q

4 physical factors affecting development

A

Climate
Natural resources
Location
Natural hazards

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20
Q

How can climate impact development? 3

A

A poor climate means that not much food can be produced. Malnutrition leads to a poor quality of life
People can’t sell crops to make money and spend on services which would aid their quality of life
Government gets less money from taxes = less spent on development

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21
Q

How can natural resources impact development?

A

No resources to sell = no money made

This means they have less money to spend on development

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22
Q

How can location impact development? 2

A

In landlocked countries, it can be hard to import or export resources
This means its hard to make money and goods which could aid development can’t be accessed

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23
Q

How can natural disasters impact development?

A

Lots of money is spent rebuilding the country after they occur

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24
Q

8 human factors affecting development

A 
Conflict
Debt
Politics
Trade
Education
Tourism
Healthcare
Aid
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25
How can conflict impact development?
Money is spent on weapons and rebuilding the country, not on development
26
How can debt impact development?
If countries borrow money, it has to be paid back with interest = less money for development
27
How can politics impact development? 2
Corrupt governments can take money for themselves that would have otherwise have been used for development or stop a fair election from happening If a government is unstable other countries won't invest
28
How can trade impact development? 3
A trade deficit means a country has little money coming in so it is poorer If a country has poor trade links, it won't make money for development Exporting primary goods has a lower value than manufactured ones
29
What is a trade surplus?
Exports of a greater value than imports
30
What is a trade deficit?
Imports at a greater value than exports
31
How can education impact development? 2
Education = a skilled workforce which means the country can produce more goods and services Educated people =higher salary = more taxes for development
32
How can healthcare impact development? 2
Lack of healthcare means many people die from diseases like cholera If they're ill, they can't work and aren't contributing to the economy
33
How can aid impact development? 2
Aid can benefit countries by helping them develop faster, e.g. by building wells But if a country is reliant on aid, it might prevent them creating trade links to get out of poverty
34
How can tourism impact development?
Tourism = increased income for development
35
What does Rostow's model predict?
How a country's level of economic development will change over time
36
What are the 5 stages on the Rostow Model?
``` Traditional society Preconditions for take off Take off Drive to maturity Mass consumption ```
37
What are the characteristics of a country at stage 1 on the Rostow Model? 3
Subsistence based Little trade Farming, forestry and fishing
38
What are the characteristics of a country at stage 2 on the Rostow Model? 3
Manufacturing starts to develop Infrastructure is built International trading begins
39
What are the characteristics of a country at stage 3 on the Rostow Model? 3
Rapid growth Increasing wealth Industrialisation
40
What are the characteristics of a country at stage 4 on the Rostow Model? 3
People get wealthier Standards of living rise Widespread use of technology
41
What are the characteristics of a country at stage 5 on the Rostow Model? 3
Lots of trade Goods are mass produced High levels of consumption
42
What are the MDGs?
Millennium Development Goals | They aim to improve lives in LIDCs
43
What are the 8 goals?
``` Halve people in poverty Widespread primary education Increase women's rights Reduce death rates in children Reduce death rates caused by pregnancy and childbirth Stop spread of major diseases Protect environment Ensure countries work together to help LIDCs develop ```
44
What is top down aid?
Government receives money and decides on how to spend it
45
Advantages of top down aid 2
Often used for large scale projects | Solve large scale problems and help with long term development by solving economic problems
46
Disadvantages of top down aid 3
May have to repay money May not benefit everyone Corrupt governments use money for personal gain
47
What is bottom up aid?
Money given directly to locals
48
Advantages of bottom up aid 2
Local people decide how to spend money | Projects often employ locals so they learn new skills
49
Disadvantages of bottom up aid 2
Don't benefit everyone | Different organisations may not work together
50
What is short term aid
Aid sent to countries to help with emergencies
51
Advantages of short term aid 2
Gives immediate relief | Money allocated for development doesn't have to be spent on this
52
Disadvantages of short term aid 2
Doesn't help with long term recovery, like rebuilding infrastructure Food aid may impact income of farmers
53
What is long term aid?
Aid given over a long period of time to aid development
54
Advantages of long term aid 3
Most projects are sustainable Can improve lives long term May help build trade links between countries
55
Disadvantages oF long term aid 2
Recipient country dependent on aid | Often tied - must spend on imports from donor country
56
What is debt relief?
A country doesn't have to pay money back
57
Advantages of debt relief 2
Frees up money to be spent on development | Donor countries can specify how money should be spent
58
Disadvantages of debt relief 2
Donor countries may be reluctant to help corrupt governments | Imposing conditions means money isn't spent where it is needed
59
How does trade help a country to develop? 2
Creating jobs and bringing money to country | Increasing money a country has to spend on development
60
Problems with relying on trade for development 4
Some LIDCs can't afford technology to produce goods efficiently LIDCs dependent on trade of one product. If demand falls, their income decreases Primary products aren't profitable Low wages and working conditions for people
61
What are trans national companies?
Produce and sell products in multiple countries
62
Advantages to TNCs 3
Create jobs with reliable income Spend money to improve infrastructure New technology is brought to poorer countries
63
Disadvantages to TNCs 3
Low wages and bad working conditions Profits go back to the ACs the TNCs are based in Jobs aren't secure

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