2) Changing Climates

Question 1

What is happening to the climate over time?

Answer 1

Getting warmer

Question 2

Signs that climate is getting warmer

Answer 2

Ice cover decreasing
Glaciers retreating
Increased temperature
Extreme rainfall (high and low)

Question 3

How is evidence collected for climate change

Answer 3

Weather recordings
Ice cores
Rocks and fossils

Question 4

Economic threats of climate change world wide

Answer 4

Sea defences
Loss of coastal properties
Drowned or desertification of crops
Mass migration

Question 5

Economic opportunities of climate change world wide

Answer 5

Renewable fuels (e.g. Solar)
Heating costs decrease

Question 6

Economic threats of climate change in the UK

Answer 6

Sea level rise
Increased risk of drought
Older people killed by heat

Question 7

Economic opportunities of climate change in uk

Answer 7

Reduction in cold related deaths
New crops
Tourism

Question 8

Environmental threats of climate change world wide

Answer 8

Melting ice caps
Destruction of habitats or ecosystems
Areas may become uninhabitable for certain species

Question 9

Environmental opportunities of climate change world wide

Answer 9

New wetlands may be created

Managed retreat will make salt marshes

Question 10

Environmental opportunities of climate change in uk

Answer 10

New crops
New salt marshes
New wetlands

Question 11

Environmental threats of climate change in uk

Answer 11

Wildfires
Agricultural land lost due to sea levels
Cliff collapse

Question 12

Social threats of climate change

Answer 12

Beaches may be eroded
Heatwaves kill elderly
Water shortages

Question 13

Social opportunities of climate change

Answer 13

Festivals
Tourism
Boosted construction and manufacturing industry

Question 14

How do volcanoes contribute to climate change

Answer 14

Eruptions throw out large volume of gas and ash into atmosphere
Stop sun heat reaching earth by forming mirror
Earth cools down

Question 15

How do oceans contribute to climate change

Answer 15

Ocean winds push heat across planet

Change in winds = change in temperature

Question 16

How do the milankovitch cycles cause climate change?

Answer 16

Heat different parts of planet

Question 17

What are the three cycles?

Answer 17

Oblong shape of orbit
Tilt of axis
Direction of axis

Question 18

How does the earths wonky orbit cause climate change?

Answer 18

Different levels of radiation reach earth at different times

Question 19

How does the earths tilt contribute to climate change?

Answer 19

The earth orbits on a /
So when one side is away from the sun, the other gets more heavy. The larger the slant, the larger the difference in season temperatures

Question 20

difference between weather and climate

Answer 20

weather is more specific, day to day whilst climate is measured over a period of time

Question 21

what is the holocene?

Answer 21

the last 10,000 years of warmer climate

Question 22

what is the glacial period?

Answer 22

a period of colder climate

Question 23

what is the pleistocene

Answer 23

the last period of glacial climate, which started 1.8 m years ago

Question 24

what is the quaternary period?

Answer 24

the current section of earth history

Question 25

what is an interglacial period?

Answer 25

a period of warmer climate

Question 26

what is an ice core?

Answer 26

a tube of ice extracted so scientists can study the weather in a specific timeframe

Question 27

difference between winter snow and summer snow in an ice core

Answer 27

summer snow is lighter - wasn't as much

Question 28

role of isotopes in an ice core

Answer 28

there are the isotopes 16O and 18O. More 16O and the earth was colder

Question 29

what is the sea ice maximum?

Answer 29

the maximum area covered by ice each year in the arctic

Question 30

how can the sea ice maximum tell us about climate?

Answer 30

the more ice, the colder the year was

Question 31

how can glaciers tell us about climate change?

Answer 31

by comparing past pictures, we can see how much of the glacier has melted = hotter weather

Question 32

how can global temperature data tell us about climate change?

Answer 32

compare data gathered from recent years

Question 33

how can paintings and diaries tell us about climate change?

Answer 33

we can study past pictures and diaries and compare them o the conditions today

Question 34

how can fossils tell us about climate change

Answer 34

different species tend to favour certain climates and we can look at their adaption

Question 35

what are the three things the Milankovitch cycle measures?

Answer 35

Eccentricity Tilt Precession

Question 36

what is eccentricity and what effect dos it have on the climate

Answer 36

how circular the earth's orbit around the sun is (the more circular, the hotter earth gets)

Question 37

what is axial tilt and what effect does it have on the climate?

Answer 37

the tilt of the earth on the axis, a greater angle of tilt = warmer temperatures

Question 38

what is precession and what effect does it have on climate?

Answer 38

it is the earth's 'wobble' | makes some places experience very long days and others very long nights

Question 39

what happens when a volcano erupts and what effect does it have on climate

Answer 39

spews ash and sulphur dioxide into the atmosphere particles act like mirrors and reflect suns rays winds circulate this dust so the temperature decreases

Question 40

what ar sun spots and what effect do they have on climate?

Answer 40

a area of darkness appearing on the sun's surface. They increase the temperature of earth

Question 41

what are the four main greenhouse gases

Answer 41

halocarbons, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane

Question 42

where is CO2 made

Answer 42

deforestation, industrialisation, cars

Question 43

where is methane produced

Answer 43

rice production, cows

Question 44

where are halocarbons produced

Answer 44

air conditioning, packaging, aerosols

Question 45

where is nitrous oxide produced?

Answer 45

fertilisers, car exhausts

Question 46

what is the greenhouse effect?

Answer 46

the natural way where some of the sun's heat is reflected out to space and some is conserved

Question 47

what is the enhanced greenhouse effect?

Answer 47

when we thicken the layer of greenhouse gases surrounding earth so the temperature increases and less heat is lost