6) Ethiopia

Question 1

GNI per capita in 2015

Answer 1

$505

Question 2

World average GNI per capita in 2015

Answer 2

$10,850

Question 3

Population

Answer 3

94 million

Question 4

Land area

Answer 4

1.1 million km2

Question 5

Language

Answer 5

Amharic

Question 6

Capital

Answer 6

Addis Ababa

Question 7

What position is it globally in terms of population?

Answer 7

13th

Question 8

Why has the development in technology been slow in Ethiopia?

Answer 8

There is a monopoly so no need to develop quickly

Question 9

In 2015, how many people were connected to the internet?

Answer 9

Less than 4%

Question 10

Which company owns the internet?

Answer 10

Ethio Telecom (ETC)

Question 11

What happened in 2013?

Answer 11

Mobile phones could be used to transfer money to where it was due

Question 12

Problems with the Rostow Model 2

Answer 12

Based off USA - many LIDCs won’t follow the pattern

Relies on countries starting at the same point and having same access to resources

Question 13

How many work in primary sector?

Answer 13

88%

Question 14

How many work in secondary sector?

Answer 14

2%

Question 15

How much is its trade deficit worth?

Answer 15

$8 billion

Question 16

Why is it in stage 2 of the Rostow Model?

Answer 16

It has many characteristics of a stage 1 country but in recent years the introduction of TNCs and improved infrastructure mean it is stage 2

Question 17

Which MDGs has Ethiopia met?

Answer 17

2: provision of primary education
4: reduce child mortality
5: improving maternal health

Question 18

Evidence that Ethiopia has achieved widespread primary education

Answer 18

96% of children now enrol in primary schools

But adult literacy rate is still low

Question 19

Evidence that Ethiopia has achieved reduced child mortality

Answer 19

65% of children receive vaccinations for diseases

But, diarrhoea and malaria are biggest killers

Question 20

Evidence that Ethiopia has achieved improved maternal health

Answer 20

Maternal mortality dropped 23% due to sanitation

But, there is still stigma around family planning

Question 21

Which MDGs have Ethiopia not met?

Answer 21

1: poverty and hunger
7: environmental sustainability

Question 22

Evidence Ethiopia hasn’t reduced poverty and hunger

Answer 22

Unemployment remains high and wealth isn’t equally spread

Over 40% of children are malnourished

Question 23

Evidence Ethiopia hasn’t improved environmental sustainability

Answer 23

Low basic sanitation and lots of slums

Question 24

Which countries does it share borders with? 5

Answer 24

Eritrea, Sudan, Somalia, Djibouti and Kenya

Question 25

How does the landscape impact development? 2

Answer 25

Steep and rocky slopes make it difficult to use machinery | Livestock limited to low lands which become overgrazed, leading to soil erosion

Question 26

How does the climate impact development? 2

Answer 26

Unpredictable rainfall makes it difficult to manage crops | Lots of droughts leading to desertification of arable land

Question 27

Why has technology hindered development in terms of natural resources?

Answer 27

It means that the country's supplies of precious meals and gas can't be mined which could be exported to boost the economy

Question 28

Ways in which healthcare provisions have improved 3

Answer 28

Maternal mortality reduced because of better care Wider availability of contraception 100% of population can access mosquito net

Question 29

Main exports 5

Answer 29

``` Vegetables Coffee Pulses and oils Flowers Livestock ```

Question 30

How much is the economy increasing by per year?

Answer 30

11%

Question 31

What do Hilton Hotels do in Ethiopia?

Answer 31

Range of leisure and recreation facilities

Question 32

What do Siemens do in Ethiopia?

Answer 32

Telecommunications and technology

Question 33

How many people receive food aid per year?

Answer 33

5 million

Question 34

What is 'The Girl Effect'?

Answer 34

The idea that if girls can be supported through education, it reduces the likelihood of problems such as unwanted pregnancies and early marriage occurring which stops development

Question 35

How have Oxfam helped?

Answer 35

Goat Aid

Question 36

Example of top-down aid

Answer 36

Ashegoda wind farm

Question 37

Example of bottom up aid

Answer 37

'Goat Aid' in Tigray

Question 38

How does the wind farm work?

Answer 38

Wind turbines situated on highland exploit Ethiopia's energy potential and create electricity to be used around the country and to be sold

Question 39

How much did the wind farm cost?

Answer 39

£179 million

Question 40

How many wind turbines are there?

Answer 40

84

Question 41

How does the Goat Aid programme work?

Answer 41

Goats provide greater access to milk, meat and manure | Goats can be bred to sell or to eat

Question 42

How does goat aid aid development?

Answer 42

The milk has lead to a significant decrease in malnourished children The income from goat produce or selling young can finance children to be put though school

Question 43

Advantages of the wind farm 3

Answer 43

The creation of electricity in the dry season is good because hydroelectricity can't be used (water shortages) Creates jobs Produces 400 million kWh of electricity each year in a country where half of the people have no electricity

Question 44

Advantages of goat aid 3

Answer 44

48,300 people have benefited Life expectancy and calorie intake have increased Contributes to many MDGs

Question 45

Disadvantages of the wind farm 2

Answer 45

700 farmers lost land to turbines | Electricity is being exported so people aren't benefiting

Question 46

Disadvantages of goat aid 3

Answer 46

Takes 2-5 years for a significant effect Goats are variable - milk, offspring, dying etc Can only help so many people

Question 47

What happened pre 1935?

Answer 47

Was known as Abyssinia and was 1 of 2 african countries to escape European control

Question 48

What happened between 1935 and 1941?

Answer 48

Italy colonised Ethiopia during WW2 and invested in infrastructure and power

Question 49

What happened between 1941 and 1974? 2

Answer 49

Nation was set back due to conflict of WW2 a nd ineffective government Successful overthrow of the government in 1974 which lead to arrests and deaths

Question 50

What happened between 1974 and 1987?

Answer 50

1.4 million deaths in the civil war Declared a republic state 1977-78 was 'Red Terror' where government evicted owners from land, which lead to migration and economic decline

Question 51

What happened between 1984 and 1985? 3

Answer 51

Productivity declined leading to famine This killed 1 million people in a year due to high food prices and drought $200 million of food aid donated by NGOs

Question 52

What happened between 1991 and 2001?

Answer 52

Soviet Union collapsed which helped to remove Derg control and lead to the creation of the Federal Democratic Republic, which allowed free trade

Question 53

What is happening between 2001 and present day? 3

Answer 53

Economy continue to increase Growth and Transformation Plan is the plan to end poverty Government is stable