Lung

Question 1

L upper lobe

• superior & anterior
• contains the cardiac notch

L lower lobe
- inferior & posterior

Lingula
- embryonic counterpart of R middle lobe, just beneath the cardia notch

Oblique fissure

Diaphragmatic surface consists of lower lobe

Answer 1

LEFT LUNG

Question 2

Bronchopulmonary segment contains the ff:

Answer 2

Segmental bronchus (central part)

Branch of pulmonary (central part)

Branch of bronchial artery (central part)

Tributaries of pulmonary vein
- found at periphery, as surgical landmarks during segmental lung resection

Question 3

Ghon complex = enlarged LN + parenchymal or subparenchymal lesion near a fissure

Answer 3

Primary TB

Question 4

Lung apex

Begins as small consolidation, <3cm

Answer 4

Secondary TB

Question 5

Caused by dissemination by lymphatics/blood

Maybe confined to lungs (scattered multiple nodules) or spread widely to other organs

Answer 5

Miliary TB

Question 6

Patchy consolidation, multilobar, bilateral, basal

S. Pneumonia, Staph, H. Influenza, Pseudomonas & coliform bacilli

Answer 6

Bronchopneumonia

Question 7

Consolidation of large part or entire lobe

S. Pneumonia, Klebsiella, type II pneumococcus

Elderly, alcoholics, diabetics

4 STAGES:

1. Initial acute congestion, intraalveolar fluid, few PMN, many bacteria
2. Early consolidation/red hepatization
   - PMN & fibrin in alveoli
   - red (RBC), firm, airless lung
   - liver-like consistency
   - lasts 2-4 days
3. Late consolidation/gray hepatization
   - large amount of fibrin, lessening RBC & WBC
   - gray-brown lung with dry-surface
   - lasts 4-8 days
4. Resolution
   - after 8 days

Answer 7

Lobar pneumonia

Question 8

Autosomal recessive CR gene mutation which encodes for CFTR (CF transporter) that function as chloride ion channel

Abnormally thick ️mucus production by respiratory tract & GIT

Neonates –> MECONIUM ILEUS

childhood –> STEATORRHEA, bowel obstruction

Cor pulmonale develops secondary to pulmonary hypertension

Answer 8

Cystic fibrosis

Question 9

Pulmonary artery occlusion by embolic clot from DVT in leg/pelvic area

Saddle embolus - large embolus at the main pulmonary artery or at its bifurcation –> sudden death

Causes pulmonary infarction

Risk factors: obesity, CA, pregnancy, OCP use, hypercoagulation, multiple bone function, burns, DVT

Answer 9

Pulmonary embolism

Question 10

R upper lobe
- superior & anterior

R middle lobe

• anterior
• between costal cartilages 4 &6

R lower lobe
- inferior & posterior

Oblique fissure

Horizontal fissure

• level of costal cartilage 4
• meets oblique fissure at MAL

Diaphragmatic surface consists of middle & lower lobes

Answer 10

RIGHT LUNG