Perineum

Question 1

Starts at frenulum of labia minora

Proceeds directly downward through the ff:

• skin
• vaginal wall
• perineal body
• superficial transverse perineal muscle

External anal sphincter muscle may be cut inadvertently

Answer 1

Median episiotomy

Question 2

Starts at frenulum of labia minora

Proceeds at 450 angle through the ff:

• skin
• vaginal wall
• bulbospongiosus muscle

Roomier than median episiotomy

Answer 2

Mediolateral episiotomy

Question 3

Boundaries:

• superior fascia of Urogenital diaphragm
• inferior fascia of Urogenital diaphragm (perineal membrane)

Answer 3

Deep perineal space

Question 4

Structures within the deep perineal space (male)

Answer 4

Membranous urethra

Urogenital diaphragm

• deep transverse perineal muscle
• sphincter urethrae muscle

Branches of internal pudendal artery
- artery of the penis

Branches of the pudendal nerve
- dorsal nerve of the penis

Bulbourethral glands (Cowper glands)

Question 5

Structures within the deep perineal space (female)

Answer 5

Urethra

Vagina

Urogenital diaphragm

• deep transverse perineal muscle
• sphincter urethrae muscle

Branches of internal pudendal artery
- artery of the clitoris

Branches of the pudendal nerve
- dorsal nerve of the clitoris

No glands

Question 6

Boundaries:

• inferior fascia of the Urogenital diaphragm (perineal membrane)
• superficial perineal fascia - continuous with COLLE’S fascia

Answer 6

Superficial perineal space

Question 7

Structures within the Superficial perineal space (male)

Answer 7

Penile (spongy) urethra

Bulbospongiosus muscle

Ischiocavernosus muscle

Superficial transverse perineal muscle

Branches of the internal pudendal artery:

• perineal artery –> posterior labial artery
• dorsal artery of the penis
• deep artery of the penis

Branches of the pudendal nerve:

• Perineal nerve –> posterior scrotal
• dorsal nerve of penis

Bulb of penis

Crura of the penis

Perineal body

Duct of the bulbourethral gland

Question 8

Structures within the superficial perineal space (female)

Answer 8

Urethra

Vestibule of the vagina

Bulbospongiosus muscle

Ischiocavernosus muscle

Superficial transverse perineal muscle

Branches of the internal pudendal artery:

• perineal artery –> posterior labial artery
• dorsal artery of the clitoris
• deep artery of the clitoris

Branches of the pudendal nerve:

• Perineal nerve –> posterior scrotal/labial nerves
• dorsal nerve of clitoris

Vestibular bulb

Crura of the clitoris

Perineal body

Greater vestibular glands (Bartholin glands)

Question 9

Diamond shaped

Divided by a line passing through the ischial tuberosities into the anal triangle & the Urogenital triangle

Answer 9

Perineum