FEMUR

Question 1

Functions of the neck femur

Answer 1

SUBCAPITAL
elderly: common in women after menopause

TROCHANTERIC
Young: direct trauma

Question 2

HEAD of the FEMUR may undergo AVSCULAR NECROSIS

SHORTENED WITH LATERAL ROTATIOM

Pull upward by the QUADRICEPS FEMORIS, ADDUCTORS and HAMSTRING MUSCLES

Answer 2

Femoral Neck Fracture

Question 3

OBTURATOR ARTERY supplies a small branch to the head

MEDIAL FEMORAL CIRCUMFLEX is the MAJOR SUPPLY

Answer 3

AVASCULAR NECROSIS of the FEMORAL HEAD

Question 4

Most commonly occur in posterior direction

Thigh is shortened and medially rotated by the gluteus medius and minimus muscles

Sciatic nerve may be compressed, resulting in weakness of muscles in the posterior thigh, leg and foot

Paresthesia over the posterior and lateral parts of the leg and dorsal and plantar surfaces of the foot

Answer 4

DISLOCATION of the HEAD of the FEMUR

Question 5

ANTERIOR LEG MUSCLES

Answer 5

NERVE: deep peroneal nerve

ACTION: dorsiflexion and extension

MUSCLES: 
Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Peroneus tertius
Extensor hallucis longus
Extensor digitorum brevis

Question 6

LATERAL LEG MUSCLES

Answer 6

NERVE: superficial peroneal nerve

ACTION: plantar flexion and evertion

MUSCLES: peroneus longus, peroneus brevis

Question 7

POSTERIOR LEG MUSCLES

Answer 7

NERVE: tibial nerve

ACTION: plantar flexion and extension
Superficial group - gastrocnemius, plantaris, soleus
Deep group- popliteus, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, tibialis posterior

Question 8

Collectively called TRICEPS SURAE

Answer 8

GASTROCNEMIUS and SOLEUS

Question 9

Neck shaft angle changes:
COXA VARA ?

COXA VALGA ?

Answer 9

COXA VARA - decreased

COXA VALGA - increased