Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the upper respiratory system

A
  • gas exchange
  • heat exchange
  • olfaction
  • phonation
  • pressure associated functions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the parts of the external nose?

A
  • Nares
  • Nasal alae
  • Nasal sulcus
  • philtrum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the nares?

A

nostrils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the nasal alae?

A

wings of the nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the nasal sulcus?

A

the space between the nasal alae and the rest of the nose on the lateral side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where is the philtrum located?

A

midline down the planum nasale to the upper lip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the parts of the nasal vestibule?

A

nasolacrimal duct and the alar fold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where is the nasolacrimal duct located?

A

opening of the nasal vestibule, recycles waste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where is the alar fold located?

A

located beneath the nasal alae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the alar fold do?

A

opens to allow the influx of air into the nasal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the function of the nasal conchaes?

A

To warm and humidify air before it goes to the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where is the dorsal conchae located?

A

located on the entirety of the dorsal side of the nasal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where is the ventral conchae located?

A

located on the ventral aspect of the nasal cavity on the rostral half

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the ventral conchae considered?

A

the furnace of the nasal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the meatuses of the nasal cavity?

A

dorsal, middle, ventral, common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where is the olfactory nerve located in relation to the nasal cavity?

A

located caudo-dorsally to the ethmoid conchae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where is the vomeronasal organ located?

A

ventral to the ventral conchae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What parts connect to the vomeronasal organ?

A

incisive papilla, incisive duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the phlemen response?

A

the way to sense hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is special about the frontal sinus in the dog?

A

it is divided; the rostral, medial, and lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where does the frontal sinus drain?

A

into the ethmoid meatuses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Why is the maxillary recess called a recess?

A

because it is not a true sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is special about the sphenoid sinus?

A

It is present in the cat and not the dog

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where is the sphenoid sinus located?

A

ventral to the cribiform plate and caudal to the ethmoid conchae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Where does the nasopharynx begin?

A

choanae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Where does the nasopharynx end?

A

intrapharyngeal ostium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

How does the choanae divide?

A

into two singular tubes to the left and right nasal cavities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Where is the hard palate located?

A

ventral to the choana at the rostral end of the nasopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Where is the soft palate located?

A

caudal to the hard palate, extends caudo-ventrally to the intrapharyngeal ostium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Where is the palatopharyngeal arch located?

A

caudo-dorsally to the epiglottis. located at the caudal end of the soft palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Where is the intrapharyngeal ostium located?

A

rostrally to the palatopharyngeal arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What does the intrapharayngeal ostium open to?

A

opening in between two portions of the pharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What structure do you pass through to go to the laryngopharynx?

A

intrapharayngeal ostium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Where does the laryngopharynx begin?

A

the end of the soft palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Where does the laryngopharynx end?

A

pharyngo esophageal limen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is the epiglottis made up of?

A

elastic cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Where is the epiglottis located?

A

the most cranial aspect of the laryngopharynx, caudo-ventral to the soft palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What does the thyroid cover?

A

the arytenoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What system is the thyroid a part of?

A

the endocrine system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

True or False: The arytenoids are located in both the dog and the cat

A

FALSE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What is the cuneiform process and where is it located?

A

crescent moon shaped arytenoid, and it is the most rostral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What is the corniculate process and where is it located?

A

crescent moon shaped arytenoid, and is the most caudal. it rises more dorsally than the cuneiform process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What does the vestibular fold cover?

A

the vestibule ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Where is the vestibular fold located

A

ventral to the cuneiform process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Where is the lateral laryngeal ventricle located?

A

caudal to the vestibular fold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What are the muscles of the laryngopharynx?

A

cricoarytenoideus dorsalis, cricothyroideus, thyroarytenoideus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What is the function of the cricoarytenoideus dorsalis?

A
  • only muscle that dilates the glottis to open the airway

- abducts the arytenoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What is the function of the cricothyroideus?

A

raises the pitch

49
Q

What is special about the thyroarytenoideus in the cat?

A

it is undivided

50
Q

What are the divisions of the thyroarytenoideus in the dog?

A

ventricularis and vocalis

51
Q

Where is the vocalis portion of the thyroarytenoideus located?

A

immediately caudal to the vocal ligament

52
Q

How does the vocalis portion of the thyroarytenoideus function and what does it do?

A

it has less tension as it shortens and it lowers the pitch

53
Q

What are the portions of the larynx?

A

piriform recess, aryepiglottic fold, aditus laryngis

54
Q

What is the aryepiglottic fold?

A

the folds of the epiglottis

55
Q

What is the aditus laryngis?

A

the opening of the epiglottis

56
Q

What are the portions of the glottis?

A

vocal fold, arytenoids, rima glottidis

57
Q

What is the rima glottidis?

A

the opening of the glottis

58
Q

What are the pharygneal constrictors?

A

hyopharyngeus, thyropharyngeus, cricopharyngeus

59
Q

What is the function of the pharygneal constrictors?

A

constrict to push food into the esophagus

60
Q

What is the hilus of an organ?

A

where things are entering or exiting

61
Q

What is the root of an organ?

A

the things that are entering or exiting

62
Q

What is the apex?

A

the peak of the lung lobes

63
Q

What is the base?

A

the bottom of the lung lobes

64
Q

What is the diaphragmatic surface?

A

nearly synonymous to the base of the lung

65
Q

What is the costal surface?

A

adjacent to the rib cage

66
Q

What is the medial surface?

A

exactly as it sounds, the medial surface of the lung

67
Q

What is the interlobar surface?

A

the surface in between the lung lobes

68
Q

What type of cartilage is the trachea made of?

A

hyaline cartilage

69
Q

How are the rings of thee trachea characterized?

A

incomplete; the incomplete part are on the dorsal aspect

70
Q

What muscle is located where the incomplete aspect of the tracheal rings located?

A

the trachealis muscle

71
Q

What type of ligaments are in between tracheal rings?

A

annular ligaments

72
Q

What is the tracheal carina?

A

separation/bifurcation of the trachea

73
Q

What is the primary bronchi?

A

the main stem of the airway - the left and right bronchi

74
Q

What are the lobar bronchi?

A

the secondary stem of the airway

75
Q

What are the parts of the right lung lobe?

A

cranial, middle, caudal, accessory lobes

76
Q

What is special about the middle lung lobe?

A

it is adhered to the caudal lung lobe

77
Q

Where is the accessory lung lobe located?

A

medially

78
Q

Where is the cardiac notch located?

A

in between the cranial and middle lung lobes

79
Q

What are the parts of the left lung lobe?

A

the cranial and caudal part

80
Q

What is special about the cranial part of the left lung lobe?

A

it has a cranial and caudal part, it is divided externally

81
Q

What are the components of the mediastinum?

A

fibrous connective tissue medial to the serous membrane

82
Q

What is the serous membrane?

A

a 1 cell thick covering of the pleural cavity

83
Q

How are the parts of the serous membrane named?

A

by what they are covering

84
Q

What are the contents of the mediastinum?

A

thymus, trachea, heart and vessels, esophagus, CN X - vagus, lymphatics

85
Q

What does the serous membrane line and cover?

A

lines the thoracic cavity

covers the lungs

86
Q

What allows the serous membrane to glide?

A

capillary action

87
Q

What is in the pleural cavity?

A

a small amount of fluid

88
Q

True or False: the lung is in the pleural cavity

A

FALSE: the pleural cavity surrounds it

89
Q

What does the costal part of the parietal pleura line?

A

the lateral aspect of the pleural cavity

90
Q

What does the mediastinal part of the parietal pleura line?

A

the medial aspect of the pleural cavity

91
Q

What does the diaphragmatic part of the parietal pleura line?

A

the basal aspect of the pleural cavity

92
Q

What does the visceral/pulmonary pleura line?

A

the lungs

93
Q

What is the pulmonary ligament?

A

a remnant of a fetal blood vessel

94
Q

Where is the pulmonary ligament located?

A

on the medial aspect of the lung

95
Q

What is the function of the pulmonary ligament?

A

connect the lungs to the thoracic cavity

96
Q

What does the plica venae cavae do?

A

connects the cadal vena cava to the mediastinum

97
Q

What does the venae cavae do as it drifts away from the mediastinum?

A

it brings the serous membrane with it causing a double fold

98
Q

What is the cupulae pleurae?

A

part of the pleura that extends beyond the first rib cranially

99
Q

Where is the thoracic inlet located?

A

dorsally to T1, ventrally to the manubrium sterni

100
Q

What are the parts of the diaphragm?

A

the central tendon and muscular periphery

101
Q

Where is the sternal attachment of the diaphragm?

A

at the apex of the thoracic cavity

102
Q

Where is the costal attachment of the diaphragm?

A

at the lateral aspects of the thoracic cavity

103
Q

Where is the crural attachment of the diaphragm?

A

at the caudal aspect of the thoracic cavity, can extend as far down as L4

104
Q

What are the openings of the diaphragm?

A

aortic hiatus, esophageal hiatus, caval foramen

105
Q

What are the muscles of the diaphragm?

A

intercostalis internus and transversus thoracis

106
Q

How do the fibers of the intercostalis internus run?

A

caudo-medially

107
Q

How do the fibers of the transversus thoracis run and where are they located?

A

medial-cranially, dorsal to the sternelora

108
Q

Where would you listen for lung sounds?

A

triangle from the scapula down to the olecranon process of the ulna, caudo-dorsally to the attachment of the 12th rib to the vertebra, cranially to the scapula

109
Q

What is it called when the thoracic cavity is expanded?

A

inspiration

110
Q

What happens when the lungs are expanded?

A

increased vacuum (negative pressure) within the pleural cavity; surface tension is provided by pleural fluid

111
Q

What is it called when the thoracic cavity is collapsed?

A

expiration

112
Q

Is expiration passive or active?

A

passive

113
Q

How do the ribs move during inspiration?

A

laterally and cranially

114
Q

How do the thoracic vertebrae articulate during breathing?

A

with the ribs adjacent to it; the tubercles interact with the costal fovea of the transverse process

115
Q

What is special about the articulation of T11-T13?

A

the only articulate with the ribs that are connected to them

116
Q

What are the muscles of inspiration?

A
  • diaphragm
  • external intercostals
  • serratus ventralis and dorsalis cranialis
  • scaleneus
  • rectus thoracis
  • others
117
Q

How are the serratus ventralis and dorsalis cranialis used during inspiration?

A

used to expand the thorax in respiratory distress

118
Q

What are the muscles of expiration?

A
  • internal intercostals
  • transversus thoracis
  • abdominals
  • others

Anatomy (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions