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Anatomy > Nerve supply to the pelvic limb > Flashcards

Nerve supply to the pelvic limb Flashcards

1
Q

Where do the nerves of the pelvic limb originate from?

A

the lumbosacral plexus

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2
Q

Where does the lumbosacral plexus sit?

A

it lies medial to the wing of the ilium and ventral to the sacrum

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3
Q

What are the flexors of the hip and extensors of the stifle?

A

iliopsoas, quadriceps femoris, sartorius

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4
Q

What are the extensors of the hip and flexors of the stifle?

A

gluteal and hamstring muscles

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5
Q

What are the adductors?

A

the adductor, gracilis, pectineus, obturator, and sartorius

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6
Q

What are the flexors of the hock and extensors of the digits (group name)?

A

the craniolateral group muscles

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7
Q

What are the craniolateral group muscles?

A

tibialis cranialis, long digital extensor, peroneus longus, lateral digital extensor, peroneus brevis, short digital extensor

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8
Q

What are the extensors of the hock and flexors of the digits (group name)?

A

caudomedial group muscles

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9
Q

What are the caudomedial group muscles?

A

gastrocnemius, superficial digital flexor, deep digital flexor, popliteus

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10
Q

What is the largest nerve in the body?

A

the ischiatic nerve

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11
Q

What are the roots of the ischiatic nerve?

A

L6-S1

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12
Q

What does the ischiatic nerve supply?

A

the hamstring muscles, and outward rotators of the thigh

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13
Q

What are the hamstring muscles?

A

the biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, tenuissimus

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14
Q

What are the outward rotators of the thigh?

A

gemelli, internal obturator, quadratus femoris

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15
Q

What does the ischiatic nerve do below the stifle?

A

divides into the tibial and common fibular nerves

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16
Q

What do the common fibular nerves supply?

A

the flexors of the hock on the craniolateral crus and pes

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17
Q

What is the course of the common fibular nerve?

A

passes lateral to the lateral head of gastrocnemius and into the space between the peroneus longus and lateral digital extensor over the head of the fibula

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18
Q

What does the common fibular nerve do at the level of the head of the fibula?

A

splits into the superficial and deep fibular nerve

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19
Q

What is the course of the fibular nerve and what does it supply?

A

runs distally with the cranial tibial artery under the long digital extensor to supply most of the muscles on the dorsolateral aspect of the leg

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20
Q

What can cause injury to the common fibular nerve?

A

prolonged lateral recumbency can compress it

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21
Q

What muscles are affected by fibular nerve injury?

A

the flexors of the hock and extensors of the digits

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22
Q

What are symptoms of fibular nerve injury?

A

loss of sensation to the craniolateral aspect of the leg and dorsal aspect of the pes, the inability to flex the hock and extend the digits; they knuckle over

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23
Q

What reflex test can be used to determine if the fibular nerve is damaged?

A

the cranial tibial reflex test

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24
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the tibialis cranialis?

A

origin: lateral condyle of the tibia
insertion: II metatarsal

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25
Q

What does the tibial nerve supply?

A

the extensors of the hock and flexors of the digit (caudomedial group muscles) and the skin on the plantar pes

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26
Q

What is the course of the tibial nerve?

A

it runs between the two heads of gastrocnemius caudal to the stifle then distal on the caudal surface of the lateral head of the deep digital flexor through the tarsal canal to the pex

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27
Q

What happens when the tibial nerve is damaged?

A

there is a dropped hock, and the patient is unable to bear weight on the hock, there is also a sensory deficit on the caudal aspect of the leg and foot

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28
Q

What reflex tests are used to determine if the tibial nerve is injured?

A

gastrocnemius tendon reflex, extensor thrust reflex

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29
Q

What does the gastrocnemius tendon reflex test test?

A

the extension of the hock

30
Q

What does the extensor thrust reflex test test?

A

posture

31
Q

What is the caudal cutaneous sural nerve a branch of and what does it supply?

A

the ischiatic nerve, the skin on the caudolateral thigh and crus

32
Q

What does the ischiatic nerve start as and when does it become the ischiatic nerve.

A

It starts as the lumbosacral trunk and travels ventrally from the plexus over the inner surface of the ilium. It is named the ischiatic as it passes over the gemelli, caudal to the greater trochanter

33
Q

After becoming the ischiatic nerve, what is its course?

A

it passes distally medial to the caudal part of the biceps femoris, ten just proximal to the stifle it divides into the peroneal and tibial branches

34
Q

What can cause nerve damage to the ischiatic nerve?

A

compression against the bony pelvis at parturition, fractures of the sacrum, ilium, or femur, or the use of the inappropriate size hypodermic needles

35
Q

What are the roots of the femoral nerve?

A

L4-L6

36
Q

What does the femoral nerve supply?

A

the main hip flexor, all of the stifle extensors

37
Q

What is the main hip flexor?

A

iliopsoas

38
Q

What is the main stifle extensor?

A

the quadriceps femoris

39
Q

What is the branch of the femoral nerve?

A

the saphenous nerve

40
Q

What does the saphenous nerve supply?

A

the sartorius and is sensory to the medial thigh, crus, and pes

41
Q

When does the saphenous break off and what is the course of it?

A

it branches off from the main trunk the femoral nerve while in the iliopsoas and runs distally through the femoral triangle on the medial aspect of the thigh along the caudal border of the sartorius

42
Q

in the femoral triangle, where is the saphenous nerve in relation to the femoral artery and vein?

A

it is located cranial to them

43
Q

What does the saphenous do at the distal thigh?

A

it divides into cranial and caudal branches

44
Q

What do the cranial and caudal branches of the saphenous nerve accompany?

A

the cranial and caudal branches of the saphenous artery

45
Q

What is the course of the femoral nerve?

A

it is imbedded deep in the iliopsoas muscle and then enters the quadriceps femoris

46
Q

What can cause nerve damage to the femoral nerve?

A

overextension of the hip

47
Q

What does femoral nerve damage cause?

A

motor and sensor deficit, cannot bear weight

48
Q

Why is the patient non weight bearing if the femoral nerve is damaged?

A

because the quadriceps femoris is not functional

49
Q

What are the roots of the obturator nerve?

A

L5-L6

50
Q

What does the obturator nerve innervate?

A

the adductor group muscles

51
Q

What is the course of the obturator nerve?

A

courses across the interior surface of the pelvic cavity, dorsal to the cranial part of the ischium, hooks over the cranial edge of the obturator foramen as it runs ventrally out of the pelvic cavity into the pelvic limb

52
Q

What can cause nerve damage to the obturator?

A

it can become compressed against the ilium by large sized puppies or excessive abduction

53
Q

What does nerve ddamage to the obturator cause?

A

loss of adduction, the limb splays laterally

54
Q

What is the course of the cranial and caudal gluteal nerves?

A

passes along with the artery of the same name over the dorsal border of the greater ischiatic notch to reach target muscles

55
Q

What is the course of the cranial gluteal muscle to its target muscles?

A

it is larger and more cranial and passes through the middle gluteus

56
Q

What does the cranial gluteal nerve innervate?

A

the middle and deep gluteal and the tensor fascia lata

57
Q

What does the caudal gluteal nerve innervate?

A

superficial gluteal, piriformis, and a small portion of the biceps femoris

58
Q

What is the caudal gluteal nerve partly responsible for?

A

hip extension and abduction

59
Q

What can cause damage to the gluteal muscles?

A

fractures of the ilium

60
Q

Where is the pudendal nerve located?

A

lateral to the coccygeus muscle towards the floor of the pelvis

61
Q

What does the pudendal nerve divide into?

A

the caudal rectal nerve and cutaneous nerves

62
Q

What does the caudal rectal nerve of the pudendal supply?

A

the external sphincter muscle

63
Q

What do the cutaneous nerves of the pudendal supply?

A

the skin of the external genitalia and perineal region

64
Q

What could damage the pudendal nerve?

A

it could be damaged in surgery in this region while correcting a perenial hernia

65
Q

What does damage to the pudendal nerve cause?

A

failure to retract the distended penis into the prepuce, anal sphincter dysfunction, lack of sensation in the perineal region

66
Q

What tests damage to the pudendal nerve?

A

the perineal reflex test

67
Q

What is the perineal reflex test?

A

sticking an object into the anal orifice

68
Q

What nerves supply the dorsal surface of the paw?

A

the superficial and deep peroneal (fibular) nerve

69
Q

What supplies the superficial structures of the plantar surface of the paw?

A

the medial plantar nerve of the tibial nerve

70
Q

What supplies the deep structures of the plantar surface of the paw?

A

the lateral plantar nerves of the tibial nerve

71
Q

What supplies the medial side of digit II?

A

the saphenous nerve

Anatomy (27 decks)

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