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Anatomy > Reproductive System > Flashcards

Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the outermost layer of the scrotum?

A

skin

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2
Q

Tunica dartos

A

the smooth muscle surrounding the scrotum

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3
Q

Where is the tunica dartos located?

A

directly underneath the skin of the scrotum

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4
Q

What is the external spermatic fascia continuous with?

A

the external abdominal oblique

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5
Q

Where is the external spermatic fascia located?

A

underneath the tunica dartos

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6
Q

What is the internal spermatic fascia continuous with?

A

the aponeurosis of the transversus abdominus

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7
Q

Where is the internal spermatic fascia located?

A

underneath the external spermatic fascia

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8
Q

What is the parietal vaginal tunic?

A

the serous membrane lining the scrotum

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9
Q

Where is the parietal vaginal tunic?

A

underneath the internal spermatic fascia

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10
Q

What is the vaginal cavity?

A

the space in between the scrotum and the organs

specifically the space in between the parietal and visceral vaginal tunics

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11
Q

What is the visceral vaginal tunic?

A

the serous membrane covering the organs

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12
Q

What is the tunica albuginea (of the scrotum)?

A

the tough connective tissue of the testis

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13
Q

What lines the tunica albuginea?

A

the visceral vaginal tunic

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14
Q

What is the scrotal septum?

A

the division of the scrotum into two cavities

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15
Q

What is the cremaster an extension of?

A

the internal abdominal oblique

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16
Q

Where is the cremaster located in relation to the testes?

A

dorsally

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17
Q

What does the cremaster line?

A

the exterior of the inguinal canal/vaginal canal

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18
Q

What are the parts of the epididymis?

A

Head, body, tail

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19
Q

Where is the head of the epididymis located?

A

at the cranial pole of the testes where it is firmly attached

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20
Q

Where is sperm stored?

A

In the head of the epididymis

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21
Q

What is the body of the epididymis connected to?

A

the head and the tail of the epididymis

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22
Q

What is the body of the epididymis attached to?

A

firmly on the medial surface of the testes

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23
Q

Where is the tail of the epididymis located?

A

at the caudal pole of the testes where it is firmly attached

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24
Q

What is the testicular bursa?

A

the space in between the epididymis and the testes on the lateral side

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25
Q

What side of the testis is the ligament of the tail of epididymis located on?

A

the medial side

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26
Q

What does the ligament of the tail of epididymis connect?

A

the epididymis and the scrotum

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27
Q

What side of the testis is the proper ligament of the testis located on?

A

the medial side

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28
Q

What does the proper ligament of the testis connect to?

A

the epididymis and the testis

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29
Q

How does the sperm travel in the scrotum?

A

from (cranial to caudal) the head of the epididymis to the body of the epididymis to the tail of the epididymis then cranially via the ductus deferens

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30
Q

What are the structures that make up the spermatic cord?

A

testicular artery and vein, mesoductus deferens, mesofuniculus, ductus deferens

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31
Q

What surrounds the testicular artery and vein?

A

mesorchium

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32
Q

What type of material is the mesorchium and the mesoductus deferens?

A

connective serous membrane - mesentery

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33
Q

What surrounds the ductus deferens?

A

the mesoductus deferens

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34
Q

What is the mesofuniculus?

A

where the mesoductus deferens and the mesorchium meet

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35
Q

What are the structures of the inguinal canal?

A

vaginal ring, vaginal canal, internal abdominal oblique, inguinal canal, external abdominal oblique

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36
Q

What forms the vaginal canal?

A

a layer of peritoneum that lines the inguinal canal

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37
Q

What is the vaginal ring?

A

the opening of the vaginal canal

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38
Q

What makes the internal inguinal ring?

A

the internal abdominal oblique

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39
Q

Where is the inguinal canal located?

A

from the internal inguinal rim to the external inguinal rim

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40
Q

What makes the external inguinal ring?

A

the external abdominal oblique

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41
Q

Where are the testes located when a male is born?

A

in the abdominal canal

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42
Q

Where is the gubernaculum attached?

A

the caudal pole of the testes and the tail of the epididymis

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43
Q

How does the gubernaculum function?

A

it swells and shortens to pull the testicle through the vaginal ring and the vaginal canal, as it dries, it shortens some more and pulls it entirely into the scrotum

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44
Q

What do the remnants of the gubernaculum become?

A

the ligament of the tail of the epididymis and the proper ligament of the testis

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45
Q

What is the ampulla?

A

the thickened area of the ductus deferens

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46
Q

In the dog, what is the prostate characterized?

A

bilobed, can be palpated rectally

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47
Q

What is the disseminate?

A

the glandular tissue scattered around the urethra

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48
Q

Where does the disseminate extend in the cat?

A

from the prostate to the bulbourethral glands

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49
Q

Where are the bulbourethral glands located?

A

along the ischial arch

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50
Q

What is the colliculus seminalis?

A

a mound located underneath the trigone of the bladder where the openings of the ductus deferens are

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51
Q

How is the prostate positioned in respect to the urethra in the dog?

A

it entirely surrounds the urethra

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52
Q

How is the prostate positioned in respect to the urethra in the cat?

A

it only partially covers the urethra

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53
Q

What direction does the penis of the cat normally point?

A

caudally

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54
Q

What direction does the penis of the cat point during coitus?

A

cranially

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55
Q

What direction does the penis of the dog point?

A

cranially

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56
Q

What are the portions of the urethra in a male dog?

A

pelvic and penile

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57
Q

What are the parts of the penis?

A

root, body, and gland

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58
Q

What are the parts of the root of the penis?

A

bulb, crura, tunica albuginea

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59
Q

Where is the bulb located in the root of the penis?

A

medially

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60
Q

What are the parts of the bulb of the penis?

A

bulbospongiousus, retractor penis, corpus spongiosum

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61
Q

What does the bulbospongiosus cover?

A

the bulb of the root, the vascular tissue that is important for an erection

62
Q

What is the retractor penis?

A

a paired muscle that runs over the bulbospongiosus

63
Q

Where does the retractor penis connect?

A

the anus

64
Q

What type of muscle is the retractor penis?

A

smooth and skeletal muscle

65
Q

Where does the corpus spongiosum begin and end?

A

it starts out separately on the lateral side of the bulbospongiousus and joins together to continue on the entire length of the penis

66
Q

What does the corpus spongiosum cover?

A

the urethra for the extent of the penile urethra

67
Q

Where is the crura located?

A

dorsal to the bulb of the penis and it wings out on both sides laterally

68
Q

What is the ischiocavernosus?

A

the covering of the crura, covers the vascular tissue important for an erection

69
Q

Where does the ischiocavernosus attach?

A

tuber ischii

70
Q

What is the corpus cavernosum?

A

the vascular tissue of the crura

71
Q

True or False: the corpus cavernosum comes together as one structure in carnivores

A

False; it stays seperate

72
Q

Where does a fracture of the penis commonly occur?

A

the corpus cavernosum

73
Q

What is the corpus cavernosum attached to?

A

the os penis

74
Q

Where does the corpus cavernosum end?

A

at the body of the penis

75
Q

What is the tunica albuginea of the root of the penis?

A

the connective tissue that covers the corpus cavernosum

76
Q

What is the function of the bulbus glandis?

A

becomes a knot and is important for tying

77
Q

What part of the penis is the bulbus glandis located?

A

the body of the penis

78
Q

Where is the glans of the penis located?

A

on the distal end

79
Q

What is the gland located in the glans?

A

pars longa glandis

80
Q

What is the os penis?

A

the bone in the penis

81
Q

What allows the urethra to run through the os penis?

A

the urethral groove on the ventral side

82
Q

What are the parts of the os penis

A

base, body, apex

83
Q

What is located at the end of the apex of the os penis?

A

fibrocartilage

84
Q

What is special about the cat penis of an intact male?

A

it has spines in it to dig into the tissue of the female to signal ovulation because females are induced ovulators

85
Q

What is the prepuse?

A

the skin that covers the penis

86
Q

What is the prepusal orifice?

A

the opening of the prepuce

87
Q

What is the external urethral orifice?

A

the end of the urethra

88
Q

What is the external lamina?

A

the ventral skin of the prepuse

89
Q

How do the internal lamina and external lamina function during an erection?

A

there is a very bad connection between the two that allows the internal lamina to move cranially in front of the external lamina

90
Q

What are the female genital organs?

A

ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, vestibule, vulva, and clitorus

91
Q

When is the corpora lutea present?

A

if the female dog is pregnant

92
Q

What contains the eggs in the ovary?

A

the follicles

93
Q

What is the ovarian bursa?

A

the mesentery that covers the ovaries

94
Q

What does the uterine tube look like?

A

a squiggly line on the outside of the ovarian bursa

95
Q

What is the opening of the uterine tube in the ovarian bursa?

A

infundibulum

96
Q

What is the infundibulum shaped like?

A

a funnel

97
Q

What are the fimbriae?

A

the finger-like projections of the infundibulum that function to catch eggs

98
Q

Where do the fimbriae function?

A

they project through the opening of the bursa because they are trying to retain where the eggs are going because we want them to go into the uterine tube

99
Q

Where is the abdominal ostium located in the female reproductive system?

A

in the infundibulum

100
Q

What does the abdominal ostium open into?

A

the peritoneal cavity

101
Q

Why would there be an opening to the peritoneal cavity in the female reproductive tract?

A

because when the follicles rupture, during ovulation, they rupture into the peritoneal cavity, the fimbriae then grab them and pull them into the uterine horn

102
Q

What are the parts of the uterus?

A

right and left horn, body, and cervic

103
Q

What is the internal uterine orifice?

A

the opening of the cervical canal into the uterus

104
Q

Where is the internal uterine orifice located?

A

cranially-dorsally

105
Q

What is the external uterine orifice?

A

the opening of the cervical canal into the vagina

106
Q

Where is the external uterine orifice located?

A

caudo-ventrally

107
Q

What is the vaginal fornix?

A

the cranial ventral aspect of the vagina, shaped like an arch

108
Q

What are the boundaries of the central canal?

A

external uterine orifice and the internal uterine orifice

109
Q

What is zonary placentation?

A

the little belt that attaches to the uterine horn 360 degrees around

110
Q

What is the broad ligament?

A

the ligament that suspends the reproductive tract to the dorsal lateral body wall

111
Q

What is the function of the mesovarium?

A

suspend the ovary

112
Q

What is the suspensory ligament of the ovary?

A

the ligament that suspends the ovary and connects it to the diaphragm

113
Q

What is the function of the mesosalpinx?

A

suspends the uterine tube

114
Q

What does the mesosalpinx create?

A

the ovarian bursa

115
Q

What is the function of the mesometrium?

A

suspends the uterus

116
Q

What is located within the mesometrium?

A

the round ligament of the uterus

117
Q

What is the round ligament of the uterus a remnant of?

A

the females version of the gubernaculum

118
Q

Where does the round ligament of the uterus project?

A

through the inguinal ring, since it takes perotineum in it goes through the vaginal ring; the perotineum creates the vaginal canal

119
Q

What is the proper ligament of the ovary?

A

connects the ovary to the uterine horn

120
Q

What is the hymen?

A

the junction at the caudal 2/3 of the vagina, it is a fold of mucosa

121
Q

What happens normally to the hymen in domestics?

A

it usually regresses and is not visable

122
Q

What structures are part of the vestibule of the vagina?

A

vestibular bulb and opening of the urethra

123
Q

What are we supposed to know about the vestibular bulb?

A

that is has erectile tissue and has constrictor muscles within it that clamp around the bulbus glandus during tying

124
Q

What is the clitoris homologous to in the male?

A

the penis

125
Q

What is the fossa clitoridis?

A

the opening of the clitoris

126
Q

Similar do the penis, what parts does the clitoris have deep in the tissue?

A

body and root

127
Q

What can happen to the clitoris in some females?

A

it can ossify like the os penis

128
Q

Where is the vagina located in respect to the vulva?

A

dorsally

129
Q

What are the parts of the vulva?

A

lateral cutaneous swellings, labia, rima pudenda, comissures

130
Q

Where are the lateral cutaneous swellings located?

A

on the outer pelvic wall around the vulva

131
Q

True or false: the vaginal recess can extend out to the lateral cutaneous swellings?

A

true

132
Q

What would the lateral cutaneous swellings develop into in the male?

A

the scrotum

133
Q

What is the labia?

A

the outer lips of the vulva

134
Q

What is the rima pudenda?

A

the opening of the vulva into the vagina

135
Q

What can you see when you open the rima pudenda?

A

the external urethral opening, vaginal opening, and clitoris

136
Q

What are the commissures?

A

the corners of the rima pudenda; ventral and dorsal part

137
Q

What is a hooded or recessed vulva?

A

excess lateral cutaneous swellings that can cause chronic UTIs

138
Q

How do you fix a hooded or recessed vulva?

A

remove some of the skin at the dorsal aspect

139
Q

How long can a tie last?

A

10-30 minutes; just leave them alone

140
Q

Where does the penis sit during tying?

A

in the fornix of the vagina

141
Q

How does sperm get into the uterus during tying?

A

the external urethral orifice of the male wraps around the os penis to point dorsally and lines up directly with the external uterine orifice of the cervix

142
Q

How many pairs of mamme do bitches typically have?

A

5

143
Q

How many pairs of mamme do queens typically have?

A

4

144
Q

What are the 5 mamme called?

A

Cranial thoracic, caudal thoracic, cranial abdominal, caudal abdominal, inguinal

145
Q

Where does the cranial thoracic mammae drain?

A

into the axillary lymph node

146
Q

Where does the caudal thoracic mamme drain?

A

into the axillary lymph node

147
Q

Where does the cranial abdominal mamme drain typically and where else can it drain?

A

into the axillary lymph node but it can drain into the superficial inguinal lymph node

148
Q

Where does the caudal abdominal mamme drain typically and where else can it drain?

A

into the superficial inguinal lymph node but it can drain into the axillary lymph node

149
Q

Where does the inguinal mamme drain?

A

drains into the superficial inguinal lymph node

150
Q

What type of glands are the mamme?

A

modified sweat glands

151
Q

True or false: the papilla has one opening

A

False: it has multiple and each has its own duct work

152
Q

Explain the structure of the lactiferous sinus system.

A

opens at the papillary ostium, into the papillary duct, into the papillary part to the glandular part

Anatomy (27 decks)

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