lecture 15

Question 1

create high-value products and earn superior profits over the long run.

Answer 1

world class

Question 2

The system-wide application of behavioral science knowledge to develop, improve, and reinforce the strategies, structures, and processes that lead to organizational effectiveness

Answer 2

Organization development (OD)

Question 3

The process by which a product, service, or business model takes root initially in simple applications at the bottom of a market and then moves “up market,” eventually displacing established competitors

Answer 3

Disruptive Innovation

Question 4

super trends shaping the future of business

Answer 4

the marketplace is becoming more segmented and moving toward more niche products

more competitors are offering targeted products requiring faster speed to market

some traditional companies may not survive radical change

china india and other offshore suppliers are changing the way we work

knowledge not information is becoming the new competitive advantage

Question 5

four basic types of OD interventions

Answer 5

Strategic
Technostructural
human resource management
human process

Question 6

helping organizations conduct mergers and acquisitions change their strategies and develop alliances

Answer 6

strategic

Question 7

enhancing organization structure and design employee involvement
and work design

Answer 7

technostructural

Question 8

attracting good people
setting goals
appraising and rewarding performance

Answer 8

human resource managment

Question 9

improving conflict resolution
team building
communication
leadership

Answer 9

human process

Question 10

Focused on customers, continually fine-tuned based on marketplace changes, and clearly communicated to employees

Answer 10

strategy

Question 11

Good people, with decision-making authority on the front lines, doing quality work and cutting costs

Answer 11

execution

Question 12

One that motivates, empowers people to innovate, rewards people appropriately, entails strong values, challenges people, and provides a satisfying work environment

Answer 12

culture

Question 13

Making the organization easy to work in and easy to work with, characterized by cooperation and the exchange of information and knowledge throughout the organization

Answer 13

structure

Question 14

Inertia
Timing
Surprise
Peer pressure

Answer 14

general reasons for resistance

Question 15

Self-interest
Misunderstanding
Different assessments
Management tactics

Answer 15

Change-specific reasons for resistance:

Question 16

An approach to implementing Lewin’s unfreezing/moving/refreezing model by identifying the forces that prevent people from changing and those that will drive people toward change

Answer 16

force field analysis

Question 17

ways to overcome resistance to change

Answer 17

Communicate why change is needed.
Involve key stakeholders.
Provide support and resources.
Offer incentives to encourage change.
Use covert tactics when needed.
Make the change happen.

Question 18

questions to ask prior to a change

Answer 18

What is the evidence that the approach really can produce positive results?
Is the approach relevant to your company’s strategies and priorities?
What are the costs and potential benefits?
Does it really help people add value through their work?
Does it help the company focus better on customers and the things they value?

Question 19

leading change

Answer 19

Establishing a sense of urgency
Creating the guiding coalition
Developing a vision and strategy
Communicating the change vision
Empowering broad-based action
Generating short-term wins
Consolidating gains and producing more change
Anchoring new approaches in the culture

Question 20

Process of clarifying the key technologies on which an organization depends

Answer 20

technology audit

Question 21

autonomous vehicles

passenger-carrying spacecraft

Answer 21

emerging technology

Question 22

advanced robotics

3D printing

Answer 22

pacing technology

Question 23

mobile internet

cloud technology

Answer 23

key technology

Question 24

computer networks

productivity software

Answer 24

base technology

Question 25

breaking from the old ways of doing things

a company decides to switch to the cloud for data storage

Answer 25

unfreezing

Question 26

instituting the change

the IT department transfers data to the cloud

Answer 26

moving

Question 27

reinforcing and supporting the new ways

employees are trained on using the new storage system

Answer 27

refreezing

Question 28

The process of comparing the organization’s practices and technologies with those of other companies

Answer 28

benchmarking

Question 29

Focuses on what can be done and what is being developed

Emphasizes identifying and monitoring the sources of new technologies for an industry

Answer 29

environmental scanning

Question 30

Anticipated market receptiveness
Technological feasibility
Economic viability
Anticipated capability development
Organizational suitability

Answer 30

Key Factors to Consider in Technology Decisions

Question 31

The question an organization asks itself about whether to acquire new technology from an outside source or develop it itself

Answer 31

make or buy decisions

Question 32

Coordinate the technological efforts of the various business units and identify ways that technology can support the company’s strategy

Answer 32

Chief information officer (CIO)

Question 33

A person who develops a new technology or has the key skills to install and operate the technology

Answer 33

Technical innovator

Question 34

A person who promotes the idea throughout the organization, searching for support and acceptance

Answer 34

Product champion

Question 35

An executive who has the status, authority, and financial resources to support the project and protect the product champion

Answer 35

Executive champion

Question 36

learning organizations are particularly well positioned to carry out the two basic kinds of innovation

Answer 36

exploiting existing capabilities such as improving production speed or product quality

exploring new knowledge – that is seeking to develop new goods or services