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Physiology Exam 2 Endocrine (Shelby) > Fatty Fat > Flashcards

Fatty Fat Flashcards

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1
Q

Three types of adipocytes :

two types of fat depots:

A

adipocytes: white, brown, beige

fat depots: WAT, BAT

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2
Q

What does tumor necrosis factor a do?

A

decrease adipocyte mass

insulin resistance

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3
Q

What hormone change might be responsible for the weight gain of biggest loser individuals

A

leptin does not return to normal

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4
Q

which is reversible, hypertrophy or hyperplasia of adipose tissue

A

hypertrophy

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5
Q

What does leptin do

A

metabolic regulator and feedback signal on appetite (decreases appetite)

protects body from too much lipid deposits

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6
Q

What hormones are needed to stimulate brown adipose tissue to release heat

A

TSH and epinephrine

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7
Q

epinephrine stimulates a (lipolytic/lipogenic) effect

A

lipolytic

via HSL and ATGL

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8
Q

calculation of BMI in metric

A

weight (kg) / hight (m^2)

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9
Q

What is the origin of adiponectin

A

adipocytes

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10
Q

subcutaneous depots or visceral depots?

tumor necrosis factor a

A

visceral

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11
Q

What stimulates adiponectin?

A

weight loss

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12
Q

Men are less sensitive to ____ effects of insulin

A

anti-lypolytic

bastards.

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13
Q

what does visfatin do

A

released from visceral fat, binds the insulin receptor and exerts a hypoglycemic effect

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14
Q

_______ lower body fat and improve insulin sensitivity in both sexes

A

estrogens and androgens

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15
Q

subcutaneous depots or visceral depots?

testosterone

A

visceral

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16
Q

what does adiponectin do to adipose tissue

A

adipogensis and insulin-directed glucose transport

*****over expression of adiponectin in fat tissue = increase in subcutaneous fat AND helps with insulin resistance

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17
Q

insulin:

(stimulates/inhibits): lipoprotein lipase (LPL)
(stimulates/inhibits): GLUT 4
(stimulates/inhibits): hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL)

A 
lipoprotein lipase (LPL) = stimulates
GLUT 4 = stimulates
hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) = inhibits
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18
Q

When does hyperplasia of adipocytes occur

A

first year of life
late pregnancy
beginning of puberty

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19
Q

BMI less than ____ = underweight

A

18.5

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20
Q

What does resistin do

A

associated with type-2 diabetes and elevated LDL

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21
Q

anorexigenic or orexigenic?

insulin

A

anorexigenic

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22
Q

What stimulates leptin?

A

increased adiposity

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23
Q

anorexigenic or orexigenic?

melanocortins (POMC)

A

anorexigenic

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24
Q

What stimulates interleukin-6

A

inflammatory cytokines

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25
What does interleukin-6 do
insulin resistance | proinflammatory
26
subcutaneous depots or visceral depots? higher disease risk
visceral
27
What does omentin do?
maintenance of body metabolism and insulin sensitivity | cardiovascular protective effects
28
What is the origin of leptin
adipocytes
29
What does adiponectin do
insulin sensitizing and anti-inflammatory hormone
30
subcutaneous depots or visceral depots? estrogen induces
subcutaneous
31
BMI ___ -____ = overweight
25-29.5
32
subcutaneous depots or visceral depots? interleukin-6
visceral
33
What does adiponectin do?
increased oxidation of FFA anti-inflammatory effects BENEFICIAL EFFECTS ON INSULIN RESISTANCE
34
subcutaneous depots or visceral depots? M2
subcutaneous **anti-inflammatory
35
BMI over ____ = obese
30
36
subcutaneous depots or visceral depots? lepin
subcutaneous
37
What is the origin of interleukin-6?
WAT, macrophages
38
What is the difference between brown and beige fat
beige fat is actually WHITE fat with intermediate mitochondria, UCP1 and lipid droplets compared to BAT
39
subcutaneous depots or visceral depots? adiponectin
subcutaneous
40
What is the origin of tumor necrosis factor a?
adipocytes, macrophages
41
What does adiponectin do to the liver
promote glucose uptake and storage
42
how fat deposition occurs in the body =
adiposity
43
What does adiponectin do to cardiovascular system
attenuates blood pressure | anti-atherogenic
44
How does leptin resistance cause obesity?
normally leptin inhibits insulin secretion when lost, hyperinsulinemia increases weight gain increased appetite leptin also stimulates gluconeogensis
45
calculation of BMI the 'merica way
weight (lbs) x 703/ height (inches)
46
How is Brown fat a heat generating organ?
UCP-1 transcription BAT mitochondria are uncoupled Food energy ---> heat energy
47
anorexigenic or orexigenic? Peptide PTT3, 36
anorexigenic
48
anorexigenic or orexigenic? amylin
anorexigenic
49
anorexigenic or orexigenic? CCK
anorexigenic
50
subcutaneous depots or visceral depots? omental and mesenteric
visceral
51
two major adipokines
1. leptin | 2. adipnectin
52
What is inside of brown fat tissue
1. small lipid droplets 2. uncoupled mitochondria 3. myoglobin
53
anorexigenic or orexigenic? Neuropeptide Y (NPY)
orexigenic
54
What does adiponectin do to resting skeletal muscle?
increase GLUT 4
55
subcutaneous depots or visceral depots? M1
visceral **pro-inflammatory
56
adipose diameter ranges from __- __ mm
0.02 - 0.2 mm
57
anorexigenic or orexigenic? leptin
anorexigenic
58
BMI ___-___= healthy/lean
18.5-24.9
59
What stimulates tumor necrosis factor a?
engorgement of adipocytes
60
subcutaneous depots or visceral depots? most active metabolic activity
visceral
61
anorexigenic or orexigenic? ghrelin
orexigenic
62
What does interleukin-1 do?
regulatory cytokine that promotes tumor growth
63
subcutaneous depots or visceral depots? peripheral tissues
subcutaneous

Physiology Exam 2 Endocrine (Shelby) (11 decks)

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