Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

cardiovascular > aortic aneurysm and carotid artery disease > Flashcards

aortic aneurysm and carotid artery disease Flashcards

1
Q

what is the definition of a aneurysm

A

when there is dilatation of all layers of the aorta - increase by over 50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the size of a abdominal aortic aneurysm

A

greater than 3.5cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the 3 layers of the aora (and for tht most arteries)

A

tunica intima
tunica media
tunica externa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the 3 overarching causes of aneyrism

A

degenerative disease

connective tissue disease

infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the risk factors for degenerative Abdominal Aortic Aneyrisms (AAA)

A 
sex - male
old age
smoking
hypertension 
family history
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

who is offered AAA screening

A

men over the age of 65 with other risk factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the size of a small AAA

A

3.0 - 4.4cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the size of a medium AAA

A

4.5 - 5.5cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the size of a lare AAA

A

> 5.5cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the presentation of a impending rupture

A

increasing back pain

tender AAA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the presentation of a rupture

A

abdo/back/flank pain

haemodynamic instability

hypo perfusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the management of asymptomatic aneurysms

A

conservative,
endovascular repair
open repair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the two methods to image a AAA

A

Ultra sound

CT angiogram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

why would you choose conservative treatment

A

patient/aneurysm not fit for repair

consider event of rupture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the complications associated with open repair

A

DVT/PE
MI
stroke

damage to bowel, veins, nerves

graft infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are complications with endovascular repair (EVAR)

A

DVT/PE
MI stroke

Endoleak

femoral artery dissection

17
Q

what is endoleak

A

leakage around the graft - happens in about 30% of patients

18
Q

what is the difference between Open repair and EVAR

A

3 fold reduction in operatively mortality for EVAR vs OR

no difference in overall mortality but quality of life is better with EVAR initially

19
Q

what is carotid disease

A

Atherosclerosis of the carotid arteries is associated with transient ischaemic attacks and ischaemic stroke.

20
Q

what is the definition of transient ischemic attack (TIA)

A

CNS disturbance caused by vascular events such as micro emboli

symptoms last less than 24hrs - no long lasting neurological damage

21
Q

what is a stroke

A

Clinical syndrome of disturbance of cerebral function, lasting more than 24hours or leading to death with only vascular cause

22
Q

what are the causes of stroke/ TIA

A

majority its cerebral infarction

primary intracerebral haemorrhage (10%)
subarachnoid haemorrhage  (6%)
23
Q

what causes cerebral infarction

A

AF
endocarditis MI
carotid artery dissection/trauma

carotid atherosclerotic plaque rupture/ thrombus

24
Q

what is Virchow’s triad

A

flow
vessel wall
coagulability

25
Q

what are the risk factors

A

smoking
diabetes
family history
male sex

26
Q

how do you diagnose stroke/ TIA

A

history

examination - neurological symptoms

cardiac

auscultate carotid

carotid ultrasound

FAST
face 
arm 
speech 
time
27
Q

what happens as radius of vessel decreases (stenosis)

A

velocity increases

28
Q

what is the management of carotid disease using medical therapy

A 
smoking cessation 
control of hypertension 
antiplatelet 
statin 
diabetic control
29
Q

what is a carotid endarterectomy

A

removal of the plaque from the carotid arteries by opening it up - prevents stroke

30
Q

what are the complications of a carotid endarterectomy

A

wound infection

bleeding

nerve damage

periopretive stroke

31
Q

why would a perioperative stroke occur

A

plaque rupture

hypoperfusion

32
Q

what are the 3 treatments to reduce the risk of stroke

A

carotid endarterectomy

best medical therapy

stenting

surgery is prophylactic

33
Q

what is the difference between sexes in treatment

A

surgery isn’t given to women unless there is sever stenosis as they react better on medical therapy

34
Q

when should surgery be considered in men

A

50-69% stenosis

35
Q

when should surgery be considered in women

A

over 70%

36
Q

when is the most risky period for further brain attacks

A

within the first 2 weeks after the initial event

cardiovascular (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions