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cardiovascular > cardiomyopathy, pericarditis, myocarditis > Flashcards

cardiomyopathy, pericarditis, myocarditis Flashcards

1
Q

what is dilated cardiomyopathy

A

when the ventricular function is impaired due to increased size leading to electrical and flow problems

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2
Q

what causes cardiomyopathy

A

genetic

inflammatory

toxic

injury

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3
Q

what are the classifications of cardiomyopathy

A

hypertrophic
dilated
restrictive

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4
Q

what are causes of dilated cardiomyopathy

A

Alcohol, tropical disease, post partum, endocrine disturbances

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5
Q

what are the symptoms of dilated cardiomyopathy

A

Progressive, slow onset, dyspnoea, fatigue, orthopnoea, ankle swelling, weight gain of fluid overload,

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6
Q

what are the sings found on examination of dilated cardiomyopathy

A

poor superficial perfusion

thread pulse

SOB at rest

JVP elevated

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7
Q

what are NSAIDS

A

Non-Steroid Anti-Inflammatory Drug

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8
Q

what is the treatment for cardiomyopathy

A

its - progressive and irreversible

but have general measures

reduce salt intake - water retention

correct anaemia

remove NSAIDS

correct endocrine disturbances

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9
Q

how would you diagnose dilated cardiomyopathy

A 
Chest X-ray 
chest MRI
repeated ECG
basic bloods 
coronary angiogram
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10
Q

what is the prognosis of dilated cardiomyopathy

A

generally poor

depends on the cause (peripartum cardiomyopathy best prognosis)

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11
Q

what is restrictive/infiltrative cardiomyopathy

A

its disease of the muscle wall

and inability to fill the ventricle due to reduced compliance

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12
Q

what are the basic evaluations of restrictive/ infiltrative cardiomyopathy

A

chest x ray
basic bloods , FBC, U and Es

echo

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13
Q

what is the prognosis of restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

poor

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14
Q

what general measures should be taken with restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

limited diuretic use as would make low CVP

anticoagulants

cardiac transplant

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15
Q

what is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

impaired relaxation

relatively high prevalence - genetic

increasing of the cell (myocyte hypertrophy)

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16
Q

what are the symptoms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

Asymptomatic for many, fatigue, dyspnoea, anginal like chest pain

17
Q

what can be found on examination of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

can find nothing

irregular pulse in in AF or ectopic beats

thrills

18
Q

what are the general measures for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

avoid heavy exercise
avoid dehydration
look at Family history
genetic testing

19
Q

what are the specific measures for cardiomyopathy

A

Drugs to try and enhance relaxation - beta blockers

is in AF use anticoagulation medicine (warfarin)

20
Q

what is heart block

A

the electrical pulses that control the heart rate are disrupted

21
Q

what is myocarditis

A

acute or chronic inflammation of the myocardium

impair the contractility function and conduction (leading to arrhythmias)

22
Q

what is the cause

A

many causes

however cause often not found

23
Q

what is the most common cause of myocarditis

A

viral infection

24
Q

what dose the inflammation of the myocardium lead to

A

heart block (electrical)

heart failure (contractility)

25
Q

what are they symptoms of myocarditis

A

heart failure with

fatigue
SOB

26
Q

what is in the assessment of myocarditis

A

ECG is usually abnormal

elevated biomarkers (BUT DONT FALL LIKE IN MI)

ECHO

27
Q

what are the general supportive measures for myocarditis

A

treat bardy/tachycardia and heart failure

28
Q

what is the prognosis for myocarditis

A

if it can be treated (1?3) the prognosis is good

if not prognosis is fairly bad 54% over 4 years

29
Q

what is pericardial disease (pericarditis)

A

inflammation of the pericardial layers with or without myocardial involvement

30
Q

what are the causes of pericarditis

A

vast majority are idiopathic /viral

key ones
bacterial
post MI
perforation/ dissection of aorta

31
Q

what are the symptoms of pericardial disease

A

chest pain with pleuritic features

sitting forward makes it better

lying back makes it worse

fever

32
Q

what are the sings of pericardial disease

A

raised temperature

pericardial rub

33
Q

what are the investigations for pericardial disease

A

ECG

ECHO

bloods - troponin may be raised if there is myocardial involvement

34
Q

what might you find on a ECG of someone with pericardial disease (pericarditis)

A

ST changes

PR depression

35
Q

what is pericardial effusion

A

abnormal collection of fluid in the pericardial space

36
Q

what is the general measures for pericardial disease

A

use antimicrobials if expected infection

drain any fluid prom the pericardial space is the re is a suspected pericardial effusion

37
Q

what are the tests of pleural effusion

A

urgent echo

38
Q

what is the treatment of pleural effusion

A

drainage

39
Q

what are the sings and symptoms of pleural effusion

A

obvious - SOB, dizzy, low BP

cardiovascular (26 decks)

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