Drugs Flashcards

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1
Q

Aminoglycocides general notes

A

Narrow spectrum antibiotics, used primarily against gram neg bacilli aerobes, cannot be absorbed from GI and entering CSF and therefore must be given parenterally, can damage kidneys and inner ear

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2
Q

Aminoglycosides mechnaism of action

A

Disrupt bacterial protein synthesis by binding 30S ribosimal unit, causing abnormal or decreased protein synthesis, rapidly bactericidal

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3
Q

Aminoglycosides most active against…

A
  • E coli
  • Klebsiella pneumoniae
  • Serratia marcescens
  • Proteus mirabilis
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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4
Q

This drug class half lives decrease dramatically with kidney disfunction, and therefore it is essential to reduce dosage or increase dosing interval in patients with disease

A

aminoglycosides

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5
Q

Postantibiotic effect

A

Continued bacterial cell kill even though plasma levels are subtherapeutic for a prolonged time between doses

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6
Q

Aminoglycosides daily dose vs interval dosing monitoring, what determines these doses?

A
  • Once a day, only trough levels are measured
  • Interval dosing, both peaks and troughs are measured
  • creatanine clearance test
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7
Q

Aminoglycosides adverse effects

A
  • Ototoxicity, disruption of balance
  • nephrotoxicity, proteinuria, serum creatinine and BUN elevation (reversible)
  • neuromuscular blockade (flaccid paralysis and respiratory depression)
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8
Q

Aminoglycosides drug interactions

A

-PCNs can help facilitate action but do not want oto run in same IV solution

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9
Q

Gentamicin

A

-used to treat serious infections caused by gram - bacilli, can be combined with vancomycin on certain gram + infections,

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10
Q

Amikacin

A

Broadest spectrum of aminoglycosides against gram neg bacilli, used for aerobic gram - bacilli which are resistant to gentamicin/tobramycin

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11
Q

Plazomicin (Zemdri)

A

New aminoglycoside for adults with complicated UTI’s, active against resistant enterobacteriaceae, reserved for no alternative treatments

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12
Q

Neomycin

A

Most toxic of aminoglycosides, causes severe damage to kidneys and inner ear, used topically or orally

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13
Q

Streptomycin

A

First aminoglycoside, used to treat TB and enterocccal endocarditis

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14
Q

Paromomyci

A

Employ local effects in intestine, administered orally to treat intestinal amebiasis and tapeworm

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15
Q

Fluoroquinolones general notes

A

Narrow spectrum antibiotic used only for UTI’s, side effects usually mild, potentially tendon rupture and mental health effects

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16
Q

Ciprofloxacin

A

Can be given orally or intravenously, function to passively diffuse into cell and inhibit bacterial DNA replication and division (bacteriocidal), broad spectrum including MRSA, travelers diarrhea, divalent or trivalent cations chelate Cipro in gut, preventing absorption

17
Q

Ciproflaxin therapeutic uses

A

wide variety of infections, treating anthrax, avoided in pediatric populations

18
Q

Fluoroquinolones adverse effects

A
  • Tendon rupture, arthropathy, sun damage

- peripheral neuropathy, severe hypoglycemia, CNS defect

19
Q

Ciproflaxin increases plasma levels of these 2 things

A

Theophylline and warfarin

20
Q

Norfloxacin and oxfloxacin

A

PO tablets fluoroquinolones similar to Cipro

21
Q

Metronidazole (flagyl)

A

Useful for protooal infections and anaerobes, acts with DNA causing strand breakage and loss of helical structure, employed for prophylaxis in some surgical procedures, treats Cdiff, treats trichmonas vaignalis

22
Q

Adverse effects of metronidazole

A

Nausea, unpleasant metal taste, darkening coloration of urine, neurologic effects

23
Q

Drug interactions with metronidazole

A

Reactions when taken with alcohol

24
Q

Rifampin

A

broad spectrum antibiotic primarily for treatment of TB and leprosy

25
Q

Bacitracin

A

Used as topical agent or parenteral use for serious toxicity systemic related infections, often used for topical treatment of infections

26
Q

Polymyxin B

A

Mainly used for topical treatment