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Infectious Disease > Virus > Flashcards

Virus Flashcards

fuck me jerry

1
Q

Retroviruses

A

Class of RNA viruses that can produce double stranded DNA copies of their genome and then integrate into the chromosome of the host cell using reverse transcriptase, key example being HIV

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2
Q

Transplacental transmisison is…

A

…vertical transmission

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3
Q

Generally longer incubation times mean…

A

…the infection damage is further from the primary site of infection

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4
Q

Respiratory viruses

A 
Influena
Coronavirus
Rhinovirus
Adenovirus
Parainfluenza virus
Respiratory syncytial virus
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5
Q

Influenza is what type of virus?

A

RNA virus

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6
Q

2 major types of influenza that cause infection and what type of antigenic variation do they undergo?

A

Antigentic drift - both influenza A and B

Antigenic shift - A only (most severe epidemics)

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7
Q

Influenza diagnostics

A

Rapid influenza test can give results in 30 min, not most accurate, otherwise must viral culture for 3-10 days

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8
Q

Often patients with influenza virus develop a secondary…

A

…bacterial pneumonia infection

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9
Q

Complications of influenza

A
  • Bacterial 2ndary pneumonia infection
  • Guillian Barre syndrome
  • Reye’s syndrome (swelling in liver and brain, this is why we don’t give aspirin)
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10
Q

Influenza treatment

A
  • Neuraminidase inhibitors, not very effective

- Adamantane antivirals, rare to use as so much resistance

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11
Q

Coronavirus is what type of virus?

A

RNA virus

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12
Q

Coronavirus causes…

A

typically the common cold, associated with SARS, and MERS

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13
Q

Coronavirus treatment

A

Palliative, no treatment available

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14
Q

Rhinovirus is the most common cause of what…

A

Most common cause of common cold

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15
Q

Rhinovirus treatment

A

Palliative care, no treatment available

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16
Q

Rhinovirus is what type of virus?

A

RNA virus

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17
Q

Adenovirus is what type of virus?

A

DNA virus

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18
Q

Adenovirus symptoms

A

URI, conjunctivitis, GI symptoms

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19
Q

Adenovirus treatment

A

None available

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20
Q

Parainfluenza is also known as…

A

Croup

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21
Q

What type of virus is parainfluenza

A

Single stranded RNA

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22
Q

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is what type of virus?

A

RNA virus

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23
Q

Respiratory syncytial virus RSV affects what 2 groups, it is predominantly, it is the most frequent cause of what in one of those groups?

A

Young and old, young pediatric bronchiolitis and pneumonia

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24
Q

Buzzword of RSV

A

Bronchiolitis

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25
Q

RSV diagnosis

A

Rapid antigen detection, viral culture

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26
Q

Digestive system viruses

A

Mumps, rotavirus, norovirus, non-polio enteroviruses

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27
Q

What type of virus is mumps?

A

RNA virus

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28
Q

Major feature of mumps

A

Bilateral parotitis

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29
Q

Mumps treatment

A

Preventative, vaccine

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30
Q

Rotavirus is what type of virus

A

RNA virus

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31
Q

Rotavirus is the leading cause of what….

A

…severe gastroenteritis in children

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32
Q

Rotavirus treatment

A

Preventative, vaccine

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33
Q

Norovirus is what type of virus

A

RNA virus

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34
Q

Norovirus is the most common cause of…

A

non bacterial gastroenteritis

35
Q

Norovirus frequently breaks out in…

A

…long term care facilities, cruise ships,

36
Q

Norovirus treatment

A

Palliative care

37
Q

Enteroviruses include

A

Poliovirus, coxsackievirus, echovirus, enterovirus

38
Q

Enterovirus is the most often cause of…

A

viral meningitis and encephalitis

39
Q

Coxsackievirus A frequently causes…

A

Hand-foot-and-mouth disease, fever and vesicles on mouth and hands and feet

40
Q

Coxsackievirus A treatment

A

Supportive care

41
Q

Coxsackievirus A diagnosis

A

Viral culture, serology, or PCR

42
Q

Poliovirus symptoms

A

Nonspecific, fever, malaise, neck and back pain, motor weakness and long term paralysis

43
Q

Polio treatment

A

Preventative vaccine

44
Q

Viruses causing skin eruptions

A

Rubeola virus, herpes symplex, varicella zoster, parvovirus B19

45
Q

Rubeola virus causes…

A

Measles, most contagious disease known to humans

46
Q

Koplik spot

A

Small bluish white raised spots on oral mucosa indicative of measles rubeola virus presence

47
Q

What type of virus is rubeola?

A

RNA virus

48
Q

Rubeola virus diagnosis

A

Serologic testing

49
Q

Rubeola virus treatment

A

Post exposure prophylaxis MMR vaccine within 72 hours of exposure or immuneglobin within 6 days

50
Q

Herpes simplex virus is what kind of virus?

A

DNA

51
Q

HSV1 is typically found where? HSV2?

A

Orofacial, genitalia

52
Q

Treatment for herpes simplex virus

A

Antiviral acyclovir, valancylovir, famciclovir

53
Q

Varicella zoster virus is waht type of virus?

A

DNA

54
Q

2 common ifnections from varicella zoster virus?

A

Varicella (chicken pox) zoster (shingles)

55
Q

Varicella zoster virus symptoms

A

Rash beginning maculopapular and progressing to vesicluar, dew drops on rose pedal rash

56
Q

Varicella zoster virus diagnosis

A

Viral culture

57
Q

Varicella zoster virus treatment

A

Acyclovir, valacyclovir

58
Q

Parvovirus B19 causes what disease?

A

Fifth disease

59
Q

Parvovirus B19 symptoms

A

rash with erythematous color on cheeks looking slapped

60
Q

Parvovirus B19 is what type of virus?

A

DNA

61
Q

Epstein barr virus is what type of virus

A

DNA

62
Q

Epstein barr virus causes…

A

Infeectious mononucleosis

63
Q

Epstein barr is associated with these cancers…

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, B cell lymphoma, hodgkin’s disease

64
Q

Epstein barr diagnosis

A

Monospot antibody test

65
Q

Avoid contact sports if diagnosed with mono because….

A

…might rupture enlarged spleen

66
Q

Cytomegalovirus is what type of virus

A

DNA virus

67
Q

Cytomegalovirus is the leading cause of ____ in HIV patients

A

Blindness via retinitis

68
Q

Cytomegalovirus treatment

A

ganciclover in immunocompromised patients

69
Q

Cytomegalovirus infection occurs in a lot of….

A

Solid organ transplant patients during 1st 3 months when immunosuppression therapy is strongest

70
Q

Human papilloma virus (HPV) is what type of virus?

A

DNA virus

71
Q

HPV often appears as…

A

…warts, sequelae is anal cancer, cervical cancer, vaginal cancers

72
Q

HPV is the most common….

A

….STI globally

73
Q

Flaviviruses

A

Zika, dengue, yellow fever and west nile

74
Q

Zika virus is what type

A

RNA virus

75
Q

Zika vrus diagnosis

A

Zika IgM antibody

76
Q

Zika virus often causes what in pregnant women’s children?

A

Microcephaly

77
Q

Chikungunya is what ytpe of virus?

A

RNA virus

78
Q

Chikungunya often causes…

A

…Breakbone disease, intense joint pains

79
Q

As with all flaviviruses, until dengue has been ruled out, we should avoid…

A

NSAIDS

80
Q

Dengue virus is what type of virus?

A

RNA

81
Q

Dengue virus different types

A

Type 1 (puts at risk for other types) -4

82
Q

Dengue has high risk of…

A

hemorrhagia

83
Q

Ebola symptoms

A

Early fever, late bleeding and death

Infectious Disease (24 decks)

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