Approach to Infectious Disease Lecture Powerpoint

Question 1

How has sickle cell become an evolution to protect against malaria (plasmodium falciparum)?

Answer 1

The altered shape gives a natural resistance from Malaria’s function of manipulating and reshapes proteins on the surface of cells to stick to capillaries of brain and organs

Question 2

Pathogen

Answer 2

ANY microorganism capable of causing disease

Question 3

Disease

Answer 3

Upset in homeostasis of the host, reulting in generation of observable changes

Question 4

Normal flora functions

Answer 4

• Prevent colonization by pathogens for competing for attachment
• Excrete vitamins in excess of their own needs for absorption by the host
• kill pathogen pathogens through released factors

Question 5

Opportunistic infeection

Answer 5

Microorganisms that may or may not cause disease generally colonize but do not infect the host unless they are introduced to an area they are not normally found or in an immunocompromised host

Question 6

Community acquired infection

Answer 6

Infeciton acquired outside of a healthcare setting, usually more antibiotic sensitive

Question 7

Nosocomial infection

Answer 7

Hospital acquired infection, often resistant to antibiotics

Question 8

Virulence

Answer 8

Measure of pathogenicity, ability to cause disease

Question 9

Endemic

Answer 9

Disease maintained in population with predictable regularity

Question 10

Epidemic

Answer 10

Disease cases exceed expected number in given period of time

Question 11

7 criteria to be pathogenic

Answer 11

1) able to enter host
2) abe to adhere to host
3) able to acquire nutrients
4) able to circumvent immune system
5) able to replicate
6) able to disseminate throughout host
7) transmissible to new host

Question 12

PMH for ID

Answer 12

• Ask about current medications such as corticosteroids, TNF inhibitors, immunosuppressants
• chronic disease (think diabetes)
• Origin of birth (vaccines they need)

Question 13

Standard precautions

Answer 13

Set of precautions to take in every medical encounter to avoid the spread of blood borne pathogens by assuming all are infected with HIV

Question 14

Annual seasonal flu vaccines may provide…

Answer 14

…some level of protection against novel flu viruses

Question 15

Vector

Answer 15

Agent who carries pathogen from one organism to another