Crammin 4 ID exam 1

Question 1

Pneumoniae carinii

Answer 1

Rare, opportunistic infection commonly seen in HIV/AIDS patients indicative of the disease

Question 2

AIDS defining diseases

Answer 2

Pneumocystic jerovecci (pcp), oral candida, and toxoplasma

Question 3

Test to order for HIV

Answer 3

Lab ordered 4th gen HIV antibody/antigen test (monitors viral protein P24 for early detection)

Question 4

Confirmatory HIV test

Answer 4

Lab ordered HIV1/2 differentiation immunoassay

Question 5

5 classes of HIV drug treatment

Answer 5

1) Fusion/entry inhibitors
2) Non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inibitors
3) Nucleoside analogues
4) Integrase inhibitors
5) Protease inhibitors

Question 6

HIV regimen

Answer 6

3 active meds, sometimes 2 supplemental ritonavir and cobicstat

Question 7

MIC and MBC

Answer 7

Minimum inhibitory conc. to stop microbial growth, want at least this conc. from dosage to be achieved, minimum bacteriocidal conc. is lowest conc that produces a 99.9% decline in number of bacterial colonies, want to shoot for this

Question 8

5 Indications for combination therapy of antibiotics

Answer 8

• Severe infection shotgun approach
• Mixed infection
• Prevention of resistance
• Decreased toxicity
• Enhanced action

Question 9

Mueller hinton agar

Answer 9

Nondifferential media containing protein and starch for all organisms to grow

Question 10

Routine culture contents

Answer 10

Blood agar

Question 11

Chocolate agar

Answer 11

Heated blood agar useful for haemophilus influenza

Question 12

Thayer martin agar

Answer 12

Chocolate agar with antibiotics for niesseria

Question 13

Anaerobic culture

Answer 13

Fresh sheep blood

Question 14

Sabouraud agar

Answer 14

Low pH high sugar for fungal cultures

Question 15

How is sickle cell, thalassemias, and G6PD deficiency an evolutionary advantage?

Answer 15

Sickle cell protects against malaria (plasmodium falciparum) by impairing ability of parasite to manipulate adhesins so they become sticky against capillary walls, thasallemias decreases hemoglobin, G6PD deficiency causes blood cell breakdown prematurely, both protective against malaria

Question 16

List the 4 virulence factors

Answer 16

1) adhesins
2) invasins
3) evasins
4) toxins

Question 17

Endemic vs epidemic

Answer 17

Disease maintained in population with predictable regularity vs disease exceed number of expected cases in given period of time

Question 18

7 criteria to be pathogenic

Answer 18

1) enter host
2) establish and adhere
3) acquire nutrients
4) avoid immune defenses
5) replicate
6) disseminate
7) transmit to new host

Question 19

Currant jelly sputum makes you think of this

Answer 19

Klebsiella

Question 20

Grape smelling drainage

Answer 20

Pseudomonas

Question 21

Corticosteroids are important to know when it comes to past medical history for an ID because…

Answer 21

They can reduce the ability to fight infection

Question 22

Insect repellant to use on vacation

Answer 22

DEET

Question 23

Caution with imodium usage

Answer 23

In the case of invasive diarrhea (bloody stool) can lead to perforation of the bowel

Question 24

Recommended immunizations for international travel

Answer 24

• yellow fever (required)
• Hep A
• Japanese encephalitis
• Typhoid
• Rabies
• Meningococcal disease