Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

GCSE Biology > 8) Animal Exchange & Transport > Flashcards

8) Animal Exchange & Transport Flashcards

(94 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What factors affect the rate of diffusion?

A

Temperature
Concentration gradient
Membrane surface area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the surface area to volume ratios for most small organisms?

A

High surface area to volume ratio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Are multi-celled or single-celled organisms more likely to rely on diffusion?

A

Single-celled organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What would the surface area to volume ratio be for a cube with a volume of 8cm^3 and a surface area of 24cm^2?

A

3:1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is Flick’s law?

A

rate of diffusion = (surface area x concentration difference) / thickness of membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are exchange surfaces?

A

Surfaces adapted to maximise the efficiency of a gas and solute exchange across them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What adaptations do exchange surfaces have? (4)

A

Ventilation
Blood supply
Large surface area
Thin membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why does a thin membrane increase rate of diffusion?

A

Reduced diffusion distance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why does a large surface area increase rate of diffusion?

A

More of a substance can diffuse at the same time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why does a good blood supply increase rate of diffusion?

A

Blood vessels replenish blood supply to maintain at high concentration gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why does good ventilation increase rate of diffusion?

A

A high concentration gradient is maintained

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How are exchange surfaces ventilated?

A

Through breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are examples of exchange surfaces?

A 
Small intestine
Alveoli
Gills
Roots
Leaves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What do leaves exchange?

A

Carbon dioxide

Oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What do roots exchange?

A

Water

Minerals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What do gills exchange?

A

Oxygen dissolved in water

Carbon dioxide in bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What do alveoli exchange?

A

Carbon dioxide

Oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does the small intestine exchange?

A

Nutrients from digested food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What fluid is blood made up of?

A

Plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are tissues?

A

Groups of similar cells that act together to perform a similar function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is blood?

A

A tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are red blood cells also called?

A

Erythrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the two types of white blood cell?

A

Phagocytes

Lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What components are suspended in blood plasma?

A

White blood cells
Red blood cells
Platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are platelets responsible for?
Blood clotting at wound sites
26
What are platelets?
Small cell fragments without a nucleus
27
What are red blood cells responsible for?
Transporting oxygen from the lungs to all body cells
28
What are white blood cells responsible for?
Defending against infection
29
How are red blood cells adapated to their function?
Haemoglobin Small size Bioconcave shape No nucleus
30
Why don't red blood cells have a nucleus?
To have more room for haemoglobin to maximise oxygen carried
31
Why do red blood cells have a bioconcave shape?
To increase their surface area
32
Why do red blood cells have a small size?
To pass through tiny capillaries
33
What additional sub-cellular structure do white blood cells have compared to red blood cells?
A nucleus
34
What is strange about white blood cells' shape?
It can change
35
Why can white blood cells change their shape?
To squeeze through blood vessel walls into body tissues | To engulf harmful microorganisms
36
What are the 3 types of blood vessels?
Capillaries Arteries Veins
37
What carries blood around the body?
Blood vessels
38
What do arteries transport?
Oxygenated blood from the heart to the body
39
How have arteries adapted to perform their function?
Thick muscle walls | Elastic fibres
40
Why do artieres have thick muscular walls?
To make them strong and able to cope with the high pressure blood pumped from the heart
41
What is the only artery that doesn't carry oxygenated blood?
Pulmonary artery
42
What do veins transport?
Deoxygenated blood from the organs to the heart
43
What is the only vein that doesn't carry deoxygenated blood?
Pulmonary vein
44
How are veins different to arteries?
Thinner walls due to lower pressure Wider lumen Valves
45
Why do veins have valves?
To prevent the backflow of blood
46
What do arteries branch into?
Capillaries
47
When do veins form?
When capillaries join up after passing through the body
48
What waste product is exchanged in capillaries?
Caron dioxide
49
What useful products are exchanged in capillaries?
Food | Oxygen
50
Why do capillaries have very thin walls?
To allow the rate of diffusion to be quicker
51
What do arteries branch into?
Capillaries
52
What in the heart acts as a pacemaker?
A group of cells in the right atrium
53
What are the lower chambers of the heart called?
Ventricles
54
What are the higher chambers of the heart called?
Atria
55
How is the left ventricle different to the right ventricle?
Thicker walls as blood is forced out at a high pressure
56
What are the stages of a heart beat?
1) Blood enters heart via atria 2) Once filled, atria contract and force blood to ventricles 3) When ventricles contract, blood exits the hearts
57
What are the most important blood vessels?
Aorta Vena Cava Pulmonary artery Plumonary vein
58
What does the vena cava do?
Supply the heart with deoxygenated blood from the body
59
What does the pulmonary vein do?
Supply the heart with oxygenated blood from the lungs
60
What does the aorta do?
Supply the body with oxygenated blood from the heart
61
What does the pulmonary artery do?
Supply the lungs with deoxygenated blood from the heart
62
What do the coronary arteries do?
Supply the heart muscle with oxygenated blood
63
What is cardiac output?
The volume of blood pumped each minute
64
What is the calculation for cardiac output?
cardiac output = heart rate x stroke volume
65
What is stroke volume?
The volume of blood pumped out per beat
66
What is heart rate?
The number of heart beats per minute
67
What are the 3 key components of the human circulatory system?
Blood vessels Blood Heart
68
Why is the human circulatory system 'double'?
Blood passes through the heart twice per circuit
69
What is the human passage of oxygen?
Mouth/nose --> trachea --> bronchi --> bronchioles --> alveoli
70
Where does gaseous exchange take place?
Alveoli
71
What surrounds alveoli?
A capillary network
72
What are alveoli?
Tiny air sacs in the lungs
73
How are alveoli adapted to be efficient at exchanging substances?
Large surface area | Surrounded by capillaries
74
What are benefits of capillaries surrounding alveoli?
Rich oxygen supply | Small distance for gases to diffuse
75
How do oxygen and carbon dioxide move between the air and blood?
Diffusion
76
What 4 reasons do cells and organisms need energy for?
Construction Contraction Homeostasis Cellular respiration
77
What cells does respiration happen in?
Every living cell
78
What is energy used for in construction?
Making larger molecules from smaller molecules
79
What are proteins made from in plants and animals?
Amino acids
80
What is joined together to produce starch in plants?
Glucose molecules
81
What type of reaction is respiration?
Exothermic
82
What are the 2 types of respiration?
Aerobic | Anaerobic
83
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in animals?
Glucose --> lactic acid
84
When does anaerboic respiration happen?
When insufficient oxygen reaches the muscles during intense activity
85
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + oxygen --> carbon dioxide + water (+ energy)
86
What is the symbol equation for aerobic respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O (+ energy)
87
Where does aerobic respiration occur?
Mitochondria
88
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plant and yeast cells?
Glucose --> ethanol + carbon dioxide
89
What is fermentation?
Anaerobic respiration of yeast cells
90
What is fermentation of yeast cells used for?
Bread and alcohol production
91
What happens to glucose during respiration?
Aerobic- fully breaks down | Anaerobic- partially breaks down
92
What does aerobic respiration produce more of compared to anaerobic respiration?
Energy | ATP
93
What is a unit of energy?
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
94
What piece of equipment is used to measure respiration rate?
Respirometer

GCSE Biology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions