8: Embryology 2 - face, palate and nasal cavities Flashcards Preview

ENT Week 1 2017/18 > 8: Embryology 2 - face, palate and nasal cavities > Flashcards

Flashcards in 8: Embryology 2 - face, palate and nasal cavities Deck (35)
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1
Q

Which pharyngeal arches give rise to

a) the muscles of facial expression
b) the maxilla, mandible, zygoma and temporal bone
c) the muscles of mastication?

A

a) Pharyngeal arch 2

b) Pharyngeal arch 1

c) Pharyngeal arch 1

2
Q

Is pharyngeal arch 5 relevant?

A

No, doesn’t develop into anything

3
Q

Which cranial nerves supply the first pharyngeal arch and the second pharyngeal arch?

A

1st - CN V

2nd - CN VII

4
Q

What are the prominences which appear on the face in Week 4 of development?

A

Frontonasal prominence

2 maxillary prominences

2 mandibular prominences

5
Q

What form on the frontonasal prominence in Week 4?

A

Nasal placode

thickened ectoderm which gives rise to nasal structures

6
Q

What do the nasal placodes go on to form?

A

Nasal structures

including ofactory epithelium

7
Q

What developmental structures are found inferior to the mandibular prominences?

A

2nd and 3rd pharyngeal arches

8
Q

What space gives rise to the mouth?

A

Stomodeum

9
Q

Which nasal swellings form additional to the nasal placodes in Week 5?

A

2 medial nasal prominences

2 lateral nasal prominences

10
Q

What germ layer are the

a) medial nasal swellings
b) lateral nasal swellings
c) maxillary prominences

made up of?

A

a) Endoderm

b) Ectoderm

c) Mesoderm

11
Q

Why do the maxillary prominence and medial nasal prominence fuse sooner than “” and the lateral prominence?

A

Lateral nasal prominence and maxillary prominence form nasolacrimal groove

12
Q

What lies between the maxillary prominence and the lateral nasal prominence?

A

Nasolacrimal groove

13
Q

What do the nasolacrimal grooves develop into?

A

Nasolacrimal ducts

14
Q

What makes up the upper lip at 10 weeks?

A

2 maxillary prominences

2 medial nasal prominences

15
Q

What makes up the lower lip at 10 weeks?

A

2 mandibular prominences

16
Q

Which prominence makes up the bridge and septum of the nose?

A

Frontonasal prominence

17
Q

Which prominences make up the crest and tip of the nose?

A

Medial nasal prominences

18
Q

Which prominences make up the alae of the nose?

A

Lateral nasal prominences

19
Q

What external structure of the nose is formed by the fusion of the right and left medial nasal prominences?

A

Philtrum

20
Q

Which teeth are found in the intermaxillary segment?

A

4 incisors

21
Q

The intermaxillary segment (i.e the fused right and left medial nasal prominences) give rise to what structure of the nasal and oral cavities?

A

Primary palate

i.e the roof but not the lateral parts

22
Q

The intermaxillary segment gives rise to the primary palate.

What gives rise to the lateral parts of the palate?

A

Maxillary prominences

23
Q

How big is the primary palate compared to the secondary palate?

A

Much smaller in comparison

24
Q

What fuse to form the secondary palate?

A

Right and left palatine shelves of the maxillary prominences

25
Q

What structures fuse to form the palate?

Where do they come from?

A

Primary palate - from intermaxillary segment

Secondary palate - from left and right maxillary prominences

26
Q

What hole forms just posterior to the incisor teeth at the anterior part of the palate?

A

Incisive foramen

27
Q

What is found in the incisive foramen?

A

Blood vessels and nerves

28
Q

What forms at the posterior part of the palate?

A

Uvula

29
Q

What is a cleft?

A

Fissure or long opening

30
Q

What congenital abnormalities can occur if the prominences of the upper lip fail to unite properly?

A

Cleft lip

Cleft palate

31
Q

Why is cleft palate more common in females?

A

Growth of palatine shelves (which form secondary palate) is later in females

32
Q

What separates the oral and nasal cavities during development?

A

Oronasal membrane

33
Q

What is a nasal pit formed by?

A

Invagination of the nasal placodes

34
Q

What is the early communication between the nasal and oral cavities called?

In which direction does it move during development?

A

Primitive choranae

Posteriorly

35
Q

After the posterior movement of the primitive choranae, what is the passage between the nasal cavity and the pharynx called?

A

Definitive choanae